even very low numbers of thrips can cause damage by transmitting viruses, or by reducing aesthetic value by damaging flowers, e.g. in roses The…
larvae within the fruit makes them unmarketable. The punctures made by the oviposition by D. suzukii exposes fruits to secondary pathogens (e.g.…
are high enough to reduce yield by direct feeding damage. The major problem is the spreading of various raspberry viruses by the aphids. Solution…
adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to…
the most important aphid pest of strawberries. It can cause direct damage by feeding and transmits viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Strawberry…
effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow patches. Heavy yellowing may even be followed by defoliation.…
taste can also be affected. An infection by Planococcus ficus can make the plants more susceptible to injury caused by other pests and fungal…
mostly caused by sap depletion; the shoots dry up and die, and defoliation occurs. In addition, the copious quantities of honeydew produced by the…
world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of…
the plant or in the ground. The pre-pupal and pupal instars are recognizable by their developing wing buds. Compared with the pre-pupa, the pupa has…
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