larval stages. The head is a pale green in the first two larval instars, later becoming white to grey-brown with mottled markings. The pattern of…
letter H. On citrus, early stages might be yellow but they become darker later. First-instar crawlers (0.35 mm long) and intermediate immature instars…
sometimes with a black lateral line. The body has stiff hairs and is usually greenish with a light lateral line. Below the lateral line there is a…
The nymphs are initially yellowish with clearly visible purplish-red eyes. Later instars are purplish to reddish brown with whitish longitudinal…
opalescent when laid. Later, the developing embryo is visible as a red ring. The larvae are up to 20 mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish…
in the ground in which they pupate. The adult beetles emerge a few weeks later but remain in the soil until the temperature is high enough to emerge.…
Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior end of the pupa remains mobile.…
other greenhouse materials. At first, the eggs are a light green colour, later becoming yellow. They have a flattened oval to round shape.…
black head capsule and prothoracic shield. The body is drab brown with lateral stripes that are sometimes light in colour. The ventral surface is…
are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘wireworms’) are…
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