the leaves and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants…
crop the conidia cause secondary infection by splash dispersal. Splashing rain water helps the fungus to reach the upper leaves and ears. Seed…
mildew fungi are not very resistant to water so rain often limits the epidemics and spore dispersal by rain is negligible, since spores explode when…
favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata and wounds.…
formed which break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and tools. Until now, no bacteria have been…
stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark…
lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores are…
above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants.…
greenhouse crops and by water in field crops, for example through splashes of rain or irrigation. Both in greenhouses and in the field, spraying may…
grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) need moisture (dew, rain, irrigation water) and nutrients for germination. Germination also…
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