• European red mite

  generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] long, brick red, and oval shaped with white hairs on their back and white spots (tubercles) at the base of the hairs; males are about 0.3 mm long, yellowish [...] Contrary to the two-spotted spider mite , Tetranychus urticae , it does not produce large amounts of webbing. The eggs are about 0.15 mm in diameter, dark

• Pepper weevil

  during the cooler parts of the day, as this is when they are most active. Another recommendation is to inspect the ground as well as the flowers and immature [...] lays 341 eggs over the full oviposition period, which hatch after four days. The larvae are whitish and plump, with large black spots and brown mandibles [...] whether they fall to the ground or contain holes where eggs are laid or adults were hatched. Meanwhile, the larvae develop in flower buds and young fruit, causing

• Tomato leaf miner

  ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. Larvae of Liriomyza bryoniae are transparent [...] roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner

• American serpentine leaf miner

  , usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are entirely [...] roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical

• Pea leaf miner

  usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza huidobrensis are transparent [...] roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] damaged before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of

• Lyprauta

  reddish. The pupae are white to yellow and embedded in a dense web. Adult flies are long and slender and have a dark brown head with short antennae. The thorax [...] brownish-yellow and the abdomen brown with yellow stripes. The wings are transparent light brown with clearly visible veins and spots. The keroplatid larvae [...] which are small earthworms of the family Enchytraeidae. Damage symptoms The symptoms are superficial damage on roots. Especially the root tips are affected

• Whitefly

  hardens. The growth of hairs on the insect depends on the leaf: the longer the hairs on the leaf, the longer the hairs on the insect. In other words, the larva [...] such a spot, they remain there throughout the period of larval development. In the second and third larval stages, both the legs and the antennae are reduced [...] stages: the egg, first, second, third and fourth larval instars, and an adult insect. The eggs are elliptical and often deposited in circles. The young larvae

• Diglyphus isaea

  from the mine. This is also seen in the pillars that remain visible as black spots in the leaf. The adult is metallic green to black in colour and unlike [...] usually pupates in the mine some distance from the dead host. Pupal stage: The pupa lies between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf which are held apart [...] Diglyphus isaea The parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea is available in a bottle ( Miglyphus ). Release parasitic wasps between the leaves of the crop in the morning

• Cabbage moth

  marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous spot in the middle. Head and thorax are grey-brown with white spots, and [...] and the abdomen is a pale, greyish brown. The moth flies only at dawn and dusk, hiding in the crop during the day. Several days after emerging from their [...] to black. In younger instars, the relatively large head capsule is conspicuous. In older instars, the lighter colour of the bands between the body segments

• Black bean aphid

  presence in the crop. The black bean aphid is dark olive green to black with black bands across the back. The two cornicles (or siphunculi) are short and usually [...] contaminating fruit and ornamental crops. At the same time, photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. Life cycle and appearance of Black [...] through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant. Nymphs and adults