• Vine mealybug

  defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced [...] damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves

• American serpentine leaf miner

  exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning [...] full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can get damaged before the harvest is affected. The older larvae make [...] criterion for the identification of the species. Indirect damage arises when disease causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots

• Potato

  integral part of the world’s food supply and many people’s diet. In terms of volume, potato is the fourth-largest food crop in the world, after maize, wheat [...] About The word ‘potato’ ( S olanum tuberosum ) is used to refer to the plant itself or its edible tuber. The plant is an herbaceous perennial and came [...] Latin America in the second half of the 16th century. Potatoes as a food crop were introduced by the Spanish. Now this starchy, tuberous crop is an integral

• Black tea thrips

  General The black tea thrips , Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis , is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics; it also occurs in greenhouses of temperate [...] symptoms The black tea thrips feeds primarily on the foliage of ornamental plants. It attacks the lower surface first and, as feeding progresses and the population [...] plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and are inserted singly in plant tissue by the females. The early larval stage is whitish with red eyes. Larvae

• Sugar beet

  consists of the root and a rosette of leaves. Sugar is formed by photosynthesis in the leaves and is then stored in the root. Sugar beets are the second only major [...] belongs to the Altissima cultivar group of the common beet. Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in Betoideae subfamily in the Amaranthaceae [...] major source of the world’s sugar production. Sugar beets grow exclusively in temperate zones, in contrast to sugarcane, which grows exclusively in tropical

• Tomato russet mite

  out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend. Life cycle and appearance of tomato russet [...] time in Australia and is a pest in tomatoes in all areas where they are grown. Other members of the plant family Solanaceae may be affected to a lesser [...] symptoms Damage is caused by the mites sucking out the contents of plant cells. Affected leaves are slightly curled and acquire a silvery sheen on the underside

• Large blackberry aphid

  host specific the host plant is the simplest method to distinguish these two species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe and also [...] triangular. The aphids overwinter as eggs on blackberry plants. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves and start to [...] appearance of Large blackberry aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses

• Tomato leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses [...] bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages:

• Pea leaf miner

  quantity of foliage can get damaged before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species [...] to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small percentage of the larvae remain hanging on the leaf [...] arises when disease causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. The mines of the pea leaf miner (Liriomyza huidobrensis) often run

• Early blight

  occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria