• Carnation tortrix

  holes. Finally, at the third larval instar, the whole leaf is attacked and surrounded by a dense silken mass. The larvae hide inside the rolled leaves, growing [...] infested. The species is particularly troublesome in the culture of carnations and strawberries in greenhouses; the damage inflicted to strawberries and other [...] mainly fly at dusk and after dark. The females have a limited flight capacity and only cover short distances. The moth is rather small. The contrasting colours

• Tobacco whitefly

  although strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] which the red eyes and white wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result

• Black vine weevil

  caused by the feeding of the larvae on the roots. After the roots have been destroyed the larvae move into corms, rhizomes and stem bases of plants. Larvae [...] strawberries and other fruit crops in both temperate and sub-tropical regions. It belongs to the family Curculionidae. Damage symptoms The major damage is caused [...] vegetables and fruit crops but reduces the value of ornamental plants. Life cycle and appearance of Black vine weevil The life cycle of the black vine

• American serpentine leaf miner

  roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic [...] potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause

• Strawberry aphid

  caused by the aphids sucking sap from the plant, which reduces the yield and quality of fruit. The leaves do not become distorted but leaves and fruits quickly [...] quickly become sticky due to the honeydew the aphids excrete. Black sooty mould fungi grow on the honeydew. The strawberry aphid is an important vector of several [...] General The strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii , has a cosmopolitan distribution and is the most important aphid pest of strawberries. It can cause

• Obscure mealybug

  wax, the filaments around the body are longer (20-50% of the body size) and the two tail filaments are always markedly longer than the others. The obscure [...] inflict damage on the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing [...] defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars

• Olive scale

  General The olive scale, Saissetia oleae , is a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout [...] surfaces. The honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Removal of large quantities of sap debilitate the plant and [...] desiccation of tissues and dieback. Life cycle and appearance of Olive scale Young females are oval, 3-6 mm long and almost flat. Their shield is dark grey or brown

• Circular scale

  point which is sometimes pale. When the scale is lifted, the insect beneath is yellow and up to 1.7 mm long. The adult male is 0.7 mm long and has a single [...] under the scale. Eggs hatch under the scale and the crawlers walk about to find a suitable feeding site before settling to a sessile lifestyle. The second-instar [...] General The circular scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum is a tropical species, native to the Oriental region but it has been dispersed widely in tropical and subtropical

• Tomato russet mite

  population growth is most rapid and affected leaves dry out quickly. The damage is first seen on the lower part of the plant and moves upwards as the mites ascend [...] snap. The fruit can also be affected, and when this happens in tomatoes, the skin becomes coarse and turns reddish brown and the fruit itself is sometimes [...] (torpedo-shaped), soft and segmented. The body appears to be divided into two parts: the head with the mouthparts, and the rest of the body. All mobile stages

• Hemispherical scale

  form and smooth surface distinguish the species from most other soft scales. The size depends on the host plant and can vary from 2 to 4.5 mm. The young [...] General The hemispherical or helmet scale, Saissetia coffeae , occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe [...] surfaces. The honeydew may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Badly fouled leaves may drop prematurely. Life cycle and appearance