Cotton aphid
the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded [...] reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein [...] individuals (up to 1.8 mm long) are usually dark green to black, while aphids produced in overcrowded colonies at a high temperature can be much smaller