• Wheat bunt

  teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels [...] can help reduce the soil-borne inoculum Sowing winter crops early in the fall when temperatures are still above 15°C at the critical first 11 days reduces

• Dwarf bunt

  teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels [...] can help reduce the soil-borne inoculum Sowing winter crops early in the fall when temperatures are still above 15°C at the critical first 11 days reduces

• Damping-off

  particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings start falling over, also called ‘damping-off’, hence the name damping-off disease. In [...] but later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the

• Tomato leaf miner

  the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in [...] mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the

• American serpentine leaf miner

  the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning [...] mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the

• Pea leaf miner

  the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning [...] mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the

• Tobacco whitefly

  result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead [...] symptoms include the appearance of chlorotic patches, yellowing, fruit and leaf fall and misshapen fruit.

• Pear psylla

  malformation of leaves and fruits. Heavy infestations can cause premature leaf fall and fruit drop. Flowers attacked by first generation nymphs turn brown and

• Crane flies

  surface. Adult common crane flies emerge from the soil in late summer to fall, and females mate and lay 200-300 eggs. Larvae emerge within one week and

• Bacterial spot

  round and become more angular as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots may merge with