Codling moth

common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading the fruit, the larvae first form a small cavity just under the skin. The entry hole can be seen and is usually

Biological seed treatment

algae extracts. Biological substances are applied to the seed in a powder form or as a liquid. An even layer covers the whole seed. In this way, the beneficial

Woolly apple aphid

woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless, parthenogenetic and viviparous forms. Sometimes a few wingless egg-laying females are produced in autumn but their

Grey mould

content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable for germination, the

Caterpillars

Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths form the order Lepidoptera, a very large group with more than 150,000 species

Long-tailed mealybug

therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .)

Oak processionary moth

and scientific names of this moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The moth is native to central and southern Europe but is

Silver-Y moth

The caterpillars are nocturnal. When the caterpillar is full-grown, it will form a greenish to black pupa, either in leaves which are woven together with

Vine mealybug

therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Characteristically, dark sooty moulds ( Cladosporium spp .)

Horse-chestnut leaf miner

chestnut leaves go to four (occasionally five instars) and their size varies form 0.5 mm in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is