Apple scab

free water is available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between the cuticula and the epidermis of the plant cells [...] research that has been done on the influence of climatic conditions on release of ascospores and risk of infection, a decision support systems has been [...] between 18 and 24 °C, only 9 hours of leaf wetness is required, at lower temperatures this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection

Rhyzobug

Aulacaspis spp ., and other species of armoured scale insects. Mode of action Adults and larvae feed on all stages of armoured scale insects. Visual effect [...] Releases should be repeated until control is achieved. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognised distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy [...] effect Small scales are consumed entirely. In larger scales feeding damage is visible as irregular holes in the scale cover. Pack size 500 adults. Presentation

Bacterial spot

development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata [...] and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity of the greenhouse or field Resistant cultivars of pepper are available and should be used Prevent plant [...] General Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato

Monitoring

Early blight

leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread [...] Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival [...] several Alternaria spp. Typically, Alternaria causes early blight of potato and early blight of tomato, which presents itself as spots on leaves, petals and

Loose smut of barley

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. [...] affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Damage symptoms Infection by Ustilago [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next

Cottony soft rot

as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( [...] Root infection often leads to premature wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum [...] seeds and tubers, thereby creating a source of infection for the next crop. The dispersal to neighbouring plants is by mycelial growth. How to prevent Cottony

Anso-Mite Plus

Pests Young larvae of various thrips species. Also has an effect on eggs and larvae of whitefly , all stages of non-webbing spider mites (e.g. European [...] are usually found on the lower surface of the leaves, often in the corner of the main vein and lateral veins. It is not possible to distinguish Amblyseius [...] Crops Do not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over a period of several weeks. Predatory mites

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a species of beetle belonging to the family Coccinellidae. The beneficial insect is a small but highly effective predator [...] items Best conditions for use of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri The minimum temperature for use of Cryptobug and Cryptobug-L is 16°C/61°F. However, as Cryptolaemus [...] Cryptobug is most effective at temperatures between 25°C and 28°C (68 and 82°F). Feeding behaviour of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri All moving stages of Cryptolaemus

Aphidalia

Pests All species/stages of aphids . Mode of action The ladybirds feed on aphids and lay eggs in the aphid colonies. After emergence, the larvae also feed [...] diameter, maximum 3 bags per tree Dosage The dosage of Aphidalia depends on climate and the size of the trees and should always be adjusted to the particular [...] recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for your situation. Environmental conditions Adalia bipunctata is most effective at