• Bacterial spot

  Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato causes small [...] into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with [...] dead leaves In field-grown tomato and pepper rotate fields to prevent infection from volunteer plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  Some also produce ascospores. In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues [...] General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants

• Phytophthora blight

  optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] and white fluffy fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling [...] blueish lesions appear, that can be seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops

• Apple scab

  unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores [...] parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection [...] results in small dark lesions which may not be noticed before harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Apple scab Venturia inaequalis overwinters in the form

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying [...] found as secondary pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies. How to [...] extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot). Damage symptoms In tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora causes

• Green peach aphid

  native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is a particularly polyphagous [...] green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual [...] grey-green, pink or red in colour. They appear matt, never glossy. Winged individuals have a brown-black head and thorax and a yellow-green to green or

• Click beetles

  6-10 mm long and yellowish brown to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start [...] brown or light brown with a darker head. Larval development takes 4 to 5 years. When fully grown the larvae pupate in the soil in summer. The adults appear [...] General Click beetles are elongate beetles with a hard exoskeleton, with the head deeply retracted into the thorax. When disturbed they lie on their back

• Rye

  grown extensively as a grain as a cover crop and forage crop. Rye ( Secale cereale ) is a member of the wheat family, Triticeae , a close relative to the [...] and wheat. It is used to make flour to make rye bread, and is a component of beverages such a beer, certain whiskeys and vodka. It also used as animal fodder

• Chafers

  smaller; about 13-15 mm long and reddish-brown in colour. The adult beetles fly in the evening, generally in June and July and land on trees to mate. During [...] Scarabaeidae family. The larvae of both species live in the soil and feed on the roots of many plants. They are a serious pest that can cause substantial damage [...] C-shaped grubs, with a yellow-brown head, and up to 30 mm long when fully grown. Larval development takes two years, fully fed larvae pupate in an earthen cell

• Leek

  plant is usually sold as a small seedling and planted in a greenhouse. Later on, as weather permits, the leek is planted outside in the soil. Once outside [...] Protection in Leek: Thrips Control & Healthy Roots About The vegetable leek is a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum , the broadleaf wild leek. In the past, [...] plant that can be eaten is at times erroneously called a stem or stalk. This part is actually a bundle of leaf sheaths. This bundle is blanched by putting