• Optimal placement of bumblebee hives

  January 1, 1970

  the day. In case of insufficient shade, additional measures should be taken, especially in autumn when the Wireless Beehome System is closed. In times of [...] protect your bumblebees from heat . Low light condition (Winter) In winter, choose a spot where the hives receive early sunlight, typically on the north [...] hives can be placed higher inside the crop, at a minimum height of 1.4 meters above the ground, particularly in dense crop areas. On the darkest days of winter

• Buckthorn-potato aphid

  January 1, 1970

  nasturtii , has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and is a major pest of potatoes, where it also transmits viruses. It also attacks a large number of [...] with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] . The major problem in potatoes is the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Buckthorn-potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with

• Greenhouse whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development [...] development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty

• Sciarid flies

  January 1, 1970

  areas in dark places, with a lot of organic material. They occur the whole year round. The eggs are minute (0.1 to 0.25 mm) and yellowish white in colour [...] roots. The larvae can grow to 5 to 12 mm in length and 0.5 to 1.5 mm in diameter. They are legless and have a conspicuous black head. The head is equipped [...] equipped with biting-chewing mouth parts. Pupation takes place in a small hole in the ground. Pupae are white, but later become yellow to brown. The posterior

• American serpentine leaf miner

  January 1, 1970

  cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine leaf [...] American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult fly. Adult leaf

• Blackcurrant aphid

  January 1, 1970

  Blackcurrant aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction [...] swollen. In spring, the blackcurrant aphid lives on the underside of the young leaves of currant plants. It does not induce a gall on blackcurrant. In June [...] presence in the crop. Wingless females of the blackcurrant aphid are 1.3-2.6 mm long and pale greenish white or sometimes yellowish, often with a darker

• Oak processionary moth

  January 1, 1970

  usually stay in their nests during the day leaving at night in a characteristic procession to feed in the canopy of the trees. If the leaves on a tree become [...] General The oak processionary moth ( Thaumetopoea processionea ), is a major pest of oak in many European countries. The common and scientific names of this [...] native to central and southern Europe but is now present in almost all European countries and also in parts of the Middle East. Damage symptoms The nests of

• Woolly apple aphid

  January 1, 1970

  covering) on apple trees sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around [...] wind from tree to tree. Sometimes a few winged aphids are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not [...] via infested apple rootstocks. It can occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage symptoms Galls are often produced

• Tomato looper

  January 1, 1970

  tomato fruit, often in a bunch of ripening tomatoes, however, it can also be found in the soil. The pupa has a pale green body, with a dark brown ventral [...] The body is sparsely covered with a few stiff hairs. In older caterpillars , each segment has a clear black dot above the lateral yellow lines. There are [...] chalcites ) belongs to the family of Noctuidae . It is a tropical and subtropical species originating in the Mediterranean and northern Africa. The larva is

• European red mite

  January 1, 1970

  generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] is mainly a pest of fruit trees (apple, pear, plum and cherry). However, it can attack a large scale of other woody plants and is occasionally a problem [...] eggs are about 0.15 mm in diameter, dark red, and oval with small ridges running top to bottom, with a thin stalk on top. They look a bit like an onion. Adult