Foot rot of cereals

thrives in cool, moist conditions, making it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group [...] visible. At harvest, ear blight can result in shrivelled grains with a chalky white or pink appearance, although this is not always the case. Life cycle and [...] Foot rot of cereals Microdochium nivale , a fungal pathogen responsible for causing foot rot in cereals, has a lifecycle showing complex interactions with

Black root rot of cucurbits

may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is in any way limited during [...] tissue that looks like black stripes. The disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final [...] away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may

Angular leaf spot

overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants [...] . This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid [...] General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions

Grey mould

plants or plant parts in a closed plastic bag In tomato: prune with a knife and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead [...] Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or [...] much vegetative growth, in order to maintain a microclimate which is not humid enough for grey mould Provide sufficient ventilation in greenhouse crops Remove

Koppert Foundation

Koppert established the Koppert Foundation on their 50 th anniversary in 2017. This Foundation aims to contribute to sustainable solutions for horticulture [...] smallholder farmers providing education about our wonderful partnering with nature in integrated crop management supporting local Koppert employees with their personal [...] personal social responsibility projects Application You can find more information in English and Dutch on www.koppertfoundation.org . Do you need help with explanation

Dwarf bunt

General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to [...] on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest

Glume blotch

leaves are infected and frequent rain is expected Be aware that in a crop with dense foliage, splash dispersal is more efficient so the disease will spread [...] temperature above freezing when water is available. Conidia require a minimum of 5 °C for germination. Primary infection is mostly by ascospores or conidia on [...] lesions, new pycnidia are formed. The conidia that are produced in these pycnidia emerge in a pink slimy substance. The conidia are released at high relative

Bacterial canker of tomato

General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] if the crop is old, only the plants in the infected area, with a substantial buffer zone. Replanting can only take place after thorough disinfection has [...] water-soaked lesions occur, usually white with a brown centre. In potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms

Damping-off

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection [...] be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue [...] Furthermore, infection is characterized by excessive root growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics