Damping-off

lose their turgor or the leaf tips turn yellow, for example in flower bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but later the plants wilt irreversibly [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil [...] plants lag in growth. Seedlings start falling over, also called ‘damping-off’, hence the name damping-off disease. In slightly older plants, the leaves lose

Precautionary measures for product allergies

home in a closed plastic bag. Moistening the clothes in the bag prevents allergens and other particles from dispersing in the air when you open the bag [...] measures Depending on the way in which you are exposed to the substances in these products, there are specific precautionary measures you can take: Exposure via [...] Just as you can be allergic to cats, pollen, and dust mites, it is also possible to be allergic to the natural substances in predatory mites , feeder mites

Tomato leaf miner

roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate [...] Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses [...] mines, leaving the outer layers of the leaf and stalk intact. Shortly before pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its

Onion thrips

red eyes. The colour of the adult depends on the food source. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found [...] develops in six stages: egg, two larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves [...] leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared with the prepupa

Crop Monitoring and Scouting

scouting apps In the digital age, scouting is aided by mobile apps that can catalogue and analyse data in real time. These tools streamline the scouting process [...] Understanding crop monitoring and scouting In the world of agriculture and horticulture, the phrase "knowledge is power" couldn't be truer. Crop monitoring [...] crucial practices that can determine the success or failure of a harvest. These essential techniques provide growers with insights into the health and growth

American serpentine leaf miner

exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning [...] Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera, the larva of the American serpentine [...] indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical

Tomato moth

along the posterior edge of the forewing. As in most noctuid moths, the hindwing is greyish and lighter than the forewing, with a darker shadow at the margin [...] formed, which gradually turns a glossy black. The moths are nocturnal, hiding during the day in fissures in the ground, and are often only seen when they are [...] reduce their marketability. In fruiting vegetables, large holes can be formed in both green and ripening fruit. The second generation of larvae often causes

Obscure mealybug

wax, the filaments around the body are longer (20-50% of the body size) and the two tail filaments are always markedly longer than the others. The obscure [...] primarily at the foot of the stalk. In an overhead wire system of cultivation, the mealybugs are often located on the horizontal part of the stalk. These [...] photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render the product

Woolly apple aphid

trees sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around the end of May, large [...] are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary to the situation in America, South [...] other parts of the world mainly via infested apple rootstocks. It can occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Damage

Parasitoid wasps

begin to feed on the host pest. They consume the host from the inside, which ultimately leads to the death of the host. Pupal stage: After the larvae have consumed [...] it emerges from the host's body or the cocoon. The host pest is typically killed in the process. Host feeding In addition to parasitisation, some parasitoid [...] biodiversity, as the use of harmful chemicals decreases. This, in turn, creates a more balanced ecosystem in the crop, which can enhance overall crop health