• Cactus mealybug

  Spilococcus cactearum ) is a pest of cacti and other succulents. It was first described in England but its origin is not clear. It is now found on many gr [...] instar nymphs and adult females are oval and covered by wax. The adult female is 1.7-3.3 mm long.

• Horse-chestnut leaf miner

  mm in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is brown and is 2.9-4.5 mm long. The horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal [...] The mine starts to turn yellow and later brown. By this time, the damage is very visible. Eventually the mines may cover the entire surface of the leaflets [...] attacked leaves are not greatly affected, but when the entire surface of leaves is covered with mines, the leaves start to dry out and fall off. However, total

• Olive scale

  Saissetia oleae , is a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest [...] Olive scale Young females are oval, 3-6 mm long and almost flat. Their shield is dark grey or brown to black and has two transverse crests and one median ridge

• Oat

  horses to boost their energy. It is mainly grown in temperate regions and is a nutrient-rich food. In human consumption is chiefly eaten as porridge but also [...] About This important cereal is grown for its seed and is used in food production, as oatmeal and rolled oats, and most commonly in livestock feed, especially [...] also used in many baked goods. It is often present in cold breakfast cereals, muesli and granola. The oat (Avena sativa ) is also called the common oat.

• Citrus mealybug

  defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low [...] produce little wax, so that the light yellow to pink body is visible through its waxy covering. There is often a darker longitudinal stripe running over the [...] and fruit production. In ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render the product unfit for sale. A very small population can

• Hemispherical scale

  occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also be affected [...] female of S. coffeae has a hemispherical form with a smooth surface. The colour is usually dark to sometimes lighter brown or almost yellow, with many evenly [...] the underside of leaves, often close to the midrib. Only when an infestation is particularly severe do individual scales appear on stems, branches and twigs

• Eggplant

  Solanum melongena ) is a specific species of nightshade and is widely produced for its tasty fruit. In North America and Australia the fruit is called eggplant [...] in South Africa and Southeast Asia it is known as brinjal. The eggplant is a member of the genus Solanum and is thus related to the tomato and potato. [...] Botanically speaking however, the eggplant is classified as a berry. The fruit contains many small and soft seeds. These seeds taste rather bitter, because

• Leek

  plant that can be eaten is at times erroneously called a stem or stalk. This part is actually a bundle of leaf sheaths. This bundle is blanched by putting [...] ‘trenching’). The plant is usually sold as a small seedling and planted in a greenhouse. Later on, as weather permits, the leek is planted outside in the [...] Once outside, the plant is rather hardy and many varieties can be left in the soil during winter and harvested when there is a need for them.

• Large raspberry aphid

  General The large raspberry aphid, Amphorophora idaei, is the most important aphid species found on raspberries in Europe. It only feeds on raspberry. [...] are high enough to reduce yield by direct feeding damage. The major problem is the spreading of various raspberry viruses by the aphids. Life cycle and [...] pale to yellowish green with long antennae, legs and siphunculi. The cauda is short and triangular. Overwintering eggs of the large raspberry aphid are

• Dacnusa sibirica

  wasp Dacnusa sibirica Dacnusa sibirica is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Braconidae . This insect is known for its role as a biological control [...] genus Liriomyza . The species is native to Europe and can appear spontaneously in greenhouses in all seasons. Dacnusa sibirica is used for the control of the [...] displays host discrimination; that is, they can distinguish between parasitized and non-parasitized larvae. Dacnusa sibirica is even capable of distinguishing