• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  have been isolated from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection [...] bacteria survive in the soil, but it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection also takes place via wounds. After infection

• Foot rot of cereals

  root rot. Symptomless infections can also occur. Foot rot becomes obvious from late stem extension onwards. It results in dark-brown staining of the lower [...] plant physiology. Typically, the lifecycle begins with the release of spores from infected plant debris or soil. These spores, known as conidia, are spread [...] cereals Avoid following maize with wheat in rotations Bury soil-surface residue from previous crops, since this is the major inoculum source, especially after

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  browning of leaves along the margin or the tip from early to midsummer. The necrotic area spreads over the leaf from the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band [...] high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria are transferred from plant to plant by all kinds of xylem-feeding insects. Well known, but certainly [...] presence increases the risk of infection in cultivated crops. The spread from one host plant species to another is still under investigation and seems

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate well and seedlings [...] the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) overwinters as chla

• Enhancing the efficiency of biocontrol applications with Natutec Airobreez

  Airobreez has transformed our approach to biological crop protection ," says Tim from Labeau in the Netherlands. "Our greenhouse layout and equipment make using [...] As one of the first adopters of the Airobreez, the company has benefited from this advanced application device, which offers growers improved precision [...] innovative double duct system, the Airobreez disperses natural enemies both from zero to one meter and within a four-meter radius, setting it apart in the

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  leaf spots, such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy may change. Pestalotiopsis [...] is mostly found in plants that have been weakened by some form of stress, from underfertilization to water stress (either too much or too little water)

• Cut flowers

  originates from Central and South America. It is a bulb plant from the large family of the Amaryllidaceae, the narcissus family. The Hippeastrum comes from America [...] America, from northern Argentina to Mexico and the Caribbean. Is grown from a bulb as a cut flower or sold as a pot plant. Freesia : The freesia is a herbaceous [...] perennial flowering plant from the Iridaceae family. The cultivated freesias are graceful funnel-shaped hybrids, descended from a number of freesias. Lily

• Obscure mealybug

  appearance of Obscure mealybug Mealybugs get their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a [...] Pseudococcus viburni ) (formerly known as Pseudococcus affinis) originates from South America, but can now be found in many parts of the world with a temperate [...] on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract their nourishment from roots, whilst others are gall-formers. A few species can also transmit harmful

• Apple scab

  rainfall occurs, ascospores mature from bud break onwards. During wet weather, mature ascospores are released from the pseudothecia and carried by wind [...] and early leaf drop Reduced tree vigor and potential loss of return bloom from heavy defoliation Lower fruit quality, storage potential, and marketable

• Leaf stripe

  Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and failing to emerge from the sheath. Ear length and the number of kernels may be reduced and kernels [...] systemic infection is the only source of primary infection. The fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when