Downy mildew of Cucurbits

Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The pathogens [...] For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter the leaf wetness period that is [...] brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens

Whitefly

fatter, and the cuticle hardens. The growth of hairs on the insect depends on the leaf: the longer the hairs on the leaf, the longer the hairs on the insect [...] words, the larva adapts itself to the structure of the leaf on which it lives. On very hairy leaves, the larva can sometimes become deformed if the growth [...] growth is obstructed by the stiff hairs. As soon as the red eyes of the adult whitefly are visible in the fourth larval instar, the stage is referred to as

Goat moth

hatch, the larvae bore into the bark and down to the sap wood. Development takes 3 or 4 years. The larvae feed on the wood most of the time hibernating [...] reddish brown. The caterpillars are up to 10 cm long, pink when young, later with yellowish sides and a dark red back with a black head. The pupa is 5-6 cm [...] brown, with spines on the abdominal segment. The moths fly at night in June or July and lay eggs on tree trunks in batches of up to 50. After the eggs hatch

Grey mould

cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus causes lesions [...] lesions on pruning wounds. These lesions may encircle the stem, so the part of the plant above the lesion wilts and dies. In vegetables and strawberry, grey [...] that it excretes compounds that kill the plant cells and then uses the content of the plant cells as nutrients. On the infected area, new spores are formed

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] browning is common with bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse [...] signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt

Box tree moth

Damage symptoms The larvae of the box tree moth ( Cydalima perspectalis ) feed on the leaves of box trees, but can also attack the bark of the trees, causing [...] iridescent white with a dark brown band at the outer margin and a characteristic white spot on the forewing, while the other is mostly light brown with a white [...] mainly. Severe defoliation can lead to the death of the tree. As the tree is extensively traded within Europe, the box tree moth ( Cydalima perspectalis

Common cockchafer

covered with short hairs, and reddish brown elytra with four longitudinal ribs each. The abdomen is black, with typical triangular white spots below the elytra [...] General The cockchafer ( Melolontha melolontha) , also known as the doodlebug or May bug is a European beetle of the genus Melolontha, in the family S [...] melolontha ) has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult beetle. The adult beetle is 25 to 30 mm long, with a dark head

Black tea thrips

darkens with age. The antennae are bent backward over the head in the pupal stage. The prepupal and pupal stages do not feed. Damage symptoms The black tea [...] brown with the apex of the abdomen paler; females are 1.4-1.7 mm long and males are 1.1-1.2 mm long. The legs are entirely white or yellow. The greenhouse [...] without mating, and males are rare. The adults are poor fliers and tend to remain in the shaded areas on the plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and

A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

However, amidst the challenges, there have been significant successes. Lukas recognizes the need for resilience and innovation in the face of change, [...] on addressing issues like the red spider mite. The promising future of organic agriculture For Lukas Locher, the experiences gained from using beneficial [...] techniques, and conduct numerous tests, highlighting the dynamic nature of embracing change in the agricultural landscape. As Lukas steers his hop farm

Strawberry aphid

yellow, with red eyes. The body is covered with conspicuous capitate hairs. They are relatively small aphids with a body length of only 0.9-1.1 mm. The aphids [...] one of the most serious pests affecting strawberry plants. Direct damage is caused by the aphids sucking sap from the plant, which reduces the yield and [...] and quality of fruit. The leaves do not become distorted but leaves and fruits quickly become sticky due to the honeydew the aphids excrete. Black sooty