Pea leaf miner

this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, [...] Feeding spots made by adult females can also reduce yield, although except with ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young [...] before pupating, the grown larva cuts a sickle-shaped exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf

Onion thrips

are inserted into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The [...] tabaci) is found mostly along the main leaf veins, with most damage evident where these veins join. Fruit damage, for instance in cucumber, only occurs if [...] and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared with the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more developed wing buds and longer antennae

Fusarium head blight or scab

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, fusarium head blight in cereals, such as wheat (fusarium head blight [...] zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) germinate at temperatures between 4 and 35 °C, with an optimum between 25 and 28 °C. Germination only occurs at relative humidity

Fly pollination

combination with a high rate of activity in the crop. Natupol Fly is packed in a cardboard tube with a plastic lid. The fly pupae are mixed with sawdust to [...] small isolation units with a few plants or when the amount of produced pollen is low. Lucilia flies can be easily combined with bumblebees and honeybees [...] small isolation units with a few plants or when the amount of produced pollen is low. Lucilia flies can be easily combined with bumblebees and honeybees

Boisduval scale

Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales on upper and lower leaf surfaces, fruits, and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the

Early blight

lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken [...] quite warm and humid conditions. Infection may take place within a few hours, with lesions occurring as rapidly as two to three days later and sporulation within

Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is [...] cultivars Use clean propagation materials (seed can be treated effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery

Beetles

that are easily recognizable on account of their hard wing covers (elytra). With more than 350,000 known species, Coleoptera is the largest of all insect [...] The pupae do not make a cocoon and will already display many similarities with the adults. The adult beetles usually possess a pair of membranous wings [...] other species also feed on leaves. Adult beetles cause damage by feeding on fruits, flower buds and leaves depending on the species. Solution Finder Find solutions

Glasshouse potato aphid

is, with unfertilized viviparous females continuing to produce new generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each [...] the glasshouse potato aphid (Aulacorthum solani) pierces the leaves or the fruit of sweet pepper it secretes a toxic substance, which leads to deformations [...] piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause deformed growth above with lumpy leaves and curled leaf margins. The immediate effects of piercing by

Leaf miners

this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, [...] tunnels. Feeding spots made by adult females can also reduce yield, although with the exception of ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance.