Olive scale

General The olive scale, Saissetia oleae , is a cosmopolitan pest of citrus and olives and occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout [...] world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also be affected. Damage symptoms Olive scales produce large amounts of honeydew [...] quantities of sap debilitate the plant and can cause wilting, desiccation of tissues and dieback. Life cycle and appearance of Olive scale Young females

Pierce's disease of grapevine

Recently, it is becoming more problematic in olive. Damage symptoms Grapevines: Primary infection of leaves results in leaf scorch. Part of a green leaf [...] regions by winter conditions with frost periods in which the bacteria inside the dormant plants die. Also, in many regions there is no overwintering of [...] smaller and their sugar content is higher. The early blossoming and fruit set in peach does not occur in citrus, there is no difference between infected

Loose smut of wheat

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life [...] and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop [...] Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms Infection

Loose smut of barley

emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Solution [...] hordei) Loose smut of barley General Ustilago nuda f.sp. hordei affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley [...] barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are

Towards a chemical-free future in agriculture: The vision of grower Koen

was miles ahead in terms of sustainability and environmental friendliness, but that gap is getting smaller. In 15 years, I expect there will be no difference [...] This way of working allows him to gain experience in using biological crop protection . As a result, he acquires a lot of knowledge and is prepared to [...] increase in effective organic methods." Limitation in use of chemical pesticides The increasing interest, especially from governmental bodies, in organic

Foot rot of cereals

conditions, making it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group that causes seedling blight [...] (GS 75). Later infections may result in infection of the grain without obvious bleaching of the ears. The presence of orange/pink spores may also be visible [...] result in shrivelled grains with a chalky white or pink appearance, although this is not always the case. Life cycle and appearance of Foot rot of cereals

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding [...] germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter [...] structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf, this is where most fluffy symptoms are found. How to

Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

to the site. In addition, a number of anti-itch ointments are available (e.g. containing diethyl-m-toluamide). In the rare case of a sting in the mouth or [...] environment in many countries. In addition, bumblebees and honeybees are used as pollinators in agricultural and horticultural crops. There are various [...] reactions only occur when the victim is stung dozens of times in a brief period. General allergic reactions can occur in the nervous or circulatory system

Nematodes established solution for Nesidiocoris in France

Macrolophus . Capsanem is a valuable ally!’ Audrey Vignaud is Koppert’s technical head of the consultant for the South East Region of France: ‘We recommended [...] Nesidiocoris showing up in crops from February onwards, which is really early. Nesidiocoris tenuis is a bug that has been a problem in France for a good 10 [...] by producers in the South of France, but also, more recently in the north. ‘We had reached a technical impasse with this bug, especially in the “zero residue”

Trianum effectively controls Pythium in cucumber

Trianum, levels of Phythium have decreased dramatically. Up until 2019, there was a lot of damage and loss of production at the end of cultivation. Whole [...] two grams of Trianium-G on each mat before putting out the new plants in ‘duo’ pots (two plants in one rockwool cube). He decided to do this in response [...] a farm covering over six hectares along Hoefslag road in the Dutch village of Pijnacker. Built in 2011, the farm has two sections. Hendriks grows high-wire