Integrated Pest Management

What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management, often referred to as IPM, is a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to pest management. It employs [...] adjustments. The IPM cycle is an ongoing process that incorporates the principles mentioned above. It's a dynamic approach that adapts to changing conditions [...] and chemical tools to manage pests effectively. This approach is not just about eliminating pests; it's about achieving a balance in the ecosystem. The

Carnation tortrix

ensure that the moths of the species are easy to recognize. This colour pattern is most easily observed in the males during flight, and ads in distinguishing [...] major pests in carnation cultures throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly in Israel, Italy, France and Spain. In greenhouses, it is most notable [...] swollen appearance. In some cases, it may not be apparent that flowers are infested. The species is particularly troublesome in the culture of carnations

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Tomato leaf miner

crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate [...] chrysanthemum and gerbera. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining [...] leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato

Broad mite

of legs in both males and females is different to the others and not used for walking. After moulting to the third larval stage the larvae stay in their [...] and ornamental crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. [...] network on the leaves. In case of a more serious infestation, this network becomes so dense that there is no more green tissue visible. In most cases, the main

American serpentine leaf miner

miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation [...] cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf

Parasitoid wasps

cocoon. The host pest is typically killed in the process. Host feeding In addition to parasitisation, some parasitoid wasps also engage in host feeding. This [...] What are parasitoid wasps? Parasitoid wasps are small insects that play a crucial role in natural pest control. They are called "parasitic" because they [...] methods to control pests: parasitisation and host feeding. Parasitisation Parasitisation is the primary means by which parasitoid wasps control pests in agriculture

Pea leaf miner

grown on open ground. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining [...] tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato [...] material. It is now wide-spread across the world. This species can be particularly damaging to leaf vegetables and causes problems especially in lettuce grown

Cabbage leafroller

cabbage leafroller (Clepsis spectrana) is native to North-West Europe. It is a highly polyphagous species causing damage to field grown cabbage, apple, pear [...] lateral stripes that are sometimes light in colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal, with hairs located in warty spots that are lighter than [...] inside fruit or flowers. It is these webs that cause the leaves to curl. Many of these webs are empty, and it is thought that the caterpillars probably make

Onion thrips

veins, with most damage evident where these veins join. Fruit damage, for instance in cucumber, only occurs if the crop is heavily infested. In some countries [...] (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, leek, and in greenhouses on [...] petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour,