Flies

species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The [...] has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their [...] prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although they cause little direct damage to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number

Diglyphus isaea

Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order Hymenoptera . It is widely recognized for its role as a biological [...] mine to pupate. There are three larval instars: the first is colourless and transparent, the second is yellow and semi transparent with a brown fat body [...] evidence that a parasitic wasp rather than a leaf miner has come from the mine. This is also seen in the pillars that remain visible as black spots in

Shallot aphid

host plant for overwintering and there is no sexual stage in the life cycle. No eggs are produced. Myzus ascalonicus is cold hardy and overwinters in sheltered [...] General The shallot aphid, Myzus ascalonicus , is extremely polyphagous. It feeds on crops such as onions, shallots, strawberries, lettuce, brassicas and [...] The shallot aphid is cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding of shallot aphid on strawberries invokes a strong host plant reaction

Wheat bunt

tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate species, since [...] on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest [...] contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. Infection is strongly correlated to temperature and precipitation

Nematodes significantly reduce Tuta larvae

high-end supermarkets and we want to offer a constant, safe and sustainable product. As the use of chemicals is under pressure and biological protection [...] his crop. ‘This is the first year we have applied Steinernema feltiae and after the first cycle of three nematode treatments, we saw a reduction of Tuta [...] ‘After this result, we have kept spraying with nematodes every time there was a new wave of small larvae and the problem never grew big after that.’ Reduction

Citrus mealybug

filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search of a female. A fertilized female lays [...] little wax, so that the light yellow to pink body is visible through its waxy covering. There is often a darker longitudinal stripe running over the body [...] development. After the second instar, a male nymph forms a dark brown ‘prepupa’ from which a pupa rapidly develops, inside a white cottony cocoon. Females undergo

Tomato leaf miner

that emerges from its tunnel just prior to pupating, is known as a prepupa. This stage lasts only a few hours. [...] except with ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused [...] burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity

Black vine weevil

long. Outdoors there is a single generation each year. A population of black vine weevils consists entirely of females and reproduction is by parthenogenesis [...] weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, is a pest in many ornamental crops (e.g. rhododendron, cyclamen and azalea), as well as in strawberries and other fruit [...] to approximately 12 mm. A larva is often curled into the typical C-shape which it assumes whenever it is disturbed. The body is covered with stiff white

Feltiella acarisuga

appear on the body. A fully grown larva is about 2 mm long. At the end of the last larval stage, the larva spins a white cocoon near a leaf vein and pupates [...] spider mite . Feltiella acarisuga is a key component in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, offering growers a sustainable solution for spider mite [...] Feltiella acarisuga is available at Koppert as Spidend . How to use Feltiella acarisuga The predatory gall midge Feltiella acarisuga is available in plastic

American serpentine leaf miner

except with ornamental crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused [...] serpentine leaf miner ( Liriomyza trifolii ) is highly polyphagous and thus lives on many host plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, gypsophila, celery [...] pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms