Buckthorn-potato aphid

barely exceed half the body length. The aphids overwinter as eggs on buckthorn. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves [...] usually found in the lower parts of the plants and are not very mobile. In autumn, winged males and females are produced, which return to the primary host [...] hosts, which can cause growth retardation. Buckthorn- potato aphid does not cause plant deformation. The major problem in potatoes is the transmission

Trial results onion fly and bean seed fly

days after the treatment. Beneficial nematodes control bean seed fly (Delia platura) by infecting the fly’s larvae in the soil. When applied to the affected [...] Facing the bean seed fly challenge This year, Frank encountered a significant challenge due to the cold and wet conditions at the beginning of the crop cycle [...] openings. The nematodes then release pathogenic bacteria they carry with them. These actions kill and liquify the insect from the inside. The nematodes

Pea and Bean Weevil Trap

Place the funnel onto the green bucket Place the pheromone dispenser in the transparent top Fix the transparent top with a twist action lining up the slots [...] beans in the previous year Place the trap on the ground Ensure the trap is securely positioned on the ground to prevent it from tipping over Check the traps [...] species-specific pheromone which lures the male and female weevils into the trap. Once in the trap they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify

Verticillium wilt

produces gum in the vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt [...] wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is [...] cause wilting of plants. The wilting starts at the lower leaves. These leaves are pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover

Wheat

specifically the Levant region that lies east of the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers [...] flowers from about the end of May to the beginning of June. This flowering period is rather long (usually lasting longer than a week), because not all flowers [...] flowers of one single plant open at the same time.

Fusarium spp.

one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels, which can be seen when the stems are [...] This species is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vascular system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] tip, or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off the tap root. F. oxysporum grows inside the roots towards the foot of the plant and

Nematodes significantly reduce Tuta larvae

Since the establishment of Società Agricola Gandini Antonio in the 1950s, the company has based its farming methods on criteria that respect the environment [...] bumblebees and other beneficials, we decided to use the nematode Steinernema feltiae in the spring of 2020. The results were good and there was no residue.’ Using [...] saw a reduction of Tuta in the crop of more than 80%. The large infestation which was present was reduced and under control, and the application greatly

Wheat bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] However, the fungi may form new isolates that can break resistance Use clean, disinfected seed The use of soil fungicides can help reduce the soil-borne [...] ed. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle with a basidiospore of the other mating type so that H-shaped structures are formed. These can germinate

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds may have [...] infection is purely seed-borne. Conidia and other fungal structures are transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate [...] surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and pr

Neoseiulus californicus

persimilis in the complete absence of food, remaining in the crop to await the arrival of new prey. Life cycle of Neoseiulus californicus The developmental [...] white colour. In many cases the colour of the food ingested shines through the skin and shows up as an X-shaped marking on the back. If the food supply has [...] available in breeding sachets ( Spical-Plus , Spical Ulti-Mite ). In this case the predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over