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Caterpillars

most harmful caterpillars that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all lepidopteran families [...] The caterpillars mostly pupate in the ground. Another family containing several species that damage greenhouse crops is the leafroller family, the Tortricidae [...] caterpillars. Some species mine in leaves or bore holes into fruit or stems, making them difficult to detect and control. In addition to consumption of the

Leaf miners

species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal among the Agromyzidae [...] Learn more about What are leaf miners? Leaf miners belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small [...] species in this family, only eleven are truly polyphagous. The species that cause most damage all belong to the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate

Plant Disease Management

What is biological disease control? Biological control of plant diseases is a method used to manage and reduce the impact of plant diseases by utilizing [...] healthy soil is crucial. Soil that is well-draining and nutrient-rich provides a solid foundation for plants to thrive. Healthy plants, in turn, are more [...] disposing of diseased plant material is essential to prevent the spread of pathogens. This practice is particularly important in containing the spread of diseases

Beneficial microorganisms

What are beneficial microorganisms? Beneficial microorganisms, also known as beneficial microbes, are microorganisms that provide positive effects to their [...] biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful pests [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water and air. These microorganisms are harnessed

Onion fly

bean seed fly and fusarium wilt What is Onion fly? The onion fly ( Delia antiqua ), also referred to as the onion maggot, is a frequent pest that harms allium [...] of onion leaves is one of the most obvious signs of onion fly damage. Small tunnels made by the larvae as they feed can also be seen in the bulbs. The bulbs [...] fly ( Delia antiqua ) infestations. Steinernema feltiae is a beneficial nematode species that is effective natural enemy of onion fly larvae. These nematodes

Parasitoid wasps

cocoon. The host pest is typically killed in the process. Host feeding In addition to parasitisation, some parasitoid wasps also engage in host feeding. This [...] What are parasitoid wasps? Parasitoid wasps are small insects that play a crucial role in natural pest control. They are called "parasitic" because they [...] targeting specific pests. They are effective in reducing the population of harmful insects, making them valuable allies in horticulture and agriculture. Unlike

Mealybugs and scales

and fruit are concerned, these often drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs [...] level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production; in ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs is sufficient to render [...] scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured scales do

Two-spotted spider mite

such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental [...] What are two-spotted spider mites? Two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is a pest of many crops throughout the world. Despite their small size [...] pests. The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is by far the most important species in greenhouses and many outdoor crops. Spider mite damage Larvae

Bumblebee pollination

What is bumblebee pollination? Bumblebee pollination is a vital and efficient process for growers seeking high-quality crop yields. As natural pollinators [...] and rows while pollinating. This benefits cross pollination which is often required in various fruit or seed crops. Bumblebees are active from early morning [...] availability in the market Natupol colonies are available throughout the year and have a short delivery time. The international supply chain is well organized