Garden chafer

family. It does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on roots of grasses and clover. The adults feed on the leaves of trees like oak, hazelnut [...] flowers and developing fruits of, for instance, roses and cherries. Life cycle and appearance of Garden chafer The life cycle of the garden chafer ( Phyllopertha [...] bites out of the leaves, starting from the edge. This damage is usually not a problem in vegetables and fruit crops but reduces the value of ornamental

Pea leaf miner

cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of leaf miner. The older larvae make wider tunnels. Feeding [...] problems especially in lettuce grown on open ground. About Pea leaf miner Life cycle and appearance of Pea leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the

Cabbage leafroller

y gerbera. In chrysanthemum too, this species is an increasing problem, and it has caused problems in sweet pepper since the mid 1980’s. In protected soft [...] body. The antennae are thin and of medium length. The moths fly when it is dark. The yellow eggs are laid in batches of 10 to 90 pieces and covered with [...] light in colour. The ventral surface is lighter than the dorsal, with hairs located in warty spots that are lighter than the general body colour. In general

Oleander aphid

can be found in tropical to warm temperate regions throughout the world. It probably originated in the Mediterranean region, the origin of its principal [...] and cauda (tip of abdomen). Nymphs are similar to apterae in appearance except that they are smaller. Size ranges from 1.5 to 2.6 mm in length. Females [...] eggs and that the progeny are clones of the adult female. The nymphs feed in colonies on the shoots at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through five

Spotted Wing Drosophila

General Since the start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America [...] small, 2-3 mm in lengthg, and have a wingspan of 6-8 mm. Males are smaller than females. They can be easily distinguished from males of other Drosophila [...] tubes which stick out of the fruit. There are three larval instars and in the third instar the larvae are about 3.9 mm long. The pupae of Drosophila suzukii

Large blackberry aphid

appearance of Large blackberry aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses [...] distributed in Europe and also established in New Zealand. It only feeds on cultivated and wild blackberries. Damage symptoms High populations of large blackberry [...] generations of females. Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless

Green peach aphid

therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When [...] families. Damage symptoms Of all the aphids , the peach potato aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae ) is the most important vector of viral diseases. It can

Lyprauta

earthworms of the family Enchytraeidae. Life cycle and appearance of Lyprauta The adults of the three species can be distinguished by the wing pattern of adults [...] been associated with root damage in potted orchids, especially in greenhouses in the Netherlands. Dutch farmers call these larvae potworms, however, they [...] adults. Adults of P. trinidadensis have a variation of dark-coloured markings spread over their wings. Adults of L. cambria have a large dark-coloured mark

Mottled arum aphid

they produce large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves [...] continuously producing new generations of females. There is no sexual stage in the life cycle. Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish [...] a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide host range. In temperate climates it is primarily a pest in greenhouses where it attacks many ornamentals , including

Cottony cushion scale

spread widely through most of the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. It is also periodically discovered in greenhouses in temperate regions, but [...] purchasi , is considered to have originated in Australia. It was accidentally introduced to California in about 1868 and devastated the citrus industry [...] there until a natural enemy from Australia was introduced in 1888. This was the first ever example of successful classical biological control. The cottony cushion