Tomato leaf miner

damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting [...] crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate [...] occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses for decades, but has become a common pest since the 1960’s, particularly in sweet

Shallot aphid

the aphids often occur at the end of the storage period causing malformation of new plants. Life cycle and appearance of The shallot aphid Aphids have a [...] complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis [...] sexual stage in the life cycle. No eggs are produced. Myzus ascalonicus is cold hardy and overwinters in sheltered places and greenhouses. Numbers of this aphid

Flies

pest on soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer [...] rich in organic matter. Although they cause little direct damage to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family [...] for flies in your crop Fly damage Flies can cause damage to crops both directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies

Potato aphid

specifically characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly visible in the nymphs. Immatures have a light dusting of whitish-grey wax. The aphids [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] ornamental crops grown in greenhouses are colonized, including tomato, aubergine and roses. About Potato aphid Life cycle and appearance of Potato aphid Aphids

Blackcurrant aphid

The distal third of the siphunculi is slightly swollen. In spring, the blackcurrant aphid lives on the underside of the young leaves of currant plants. [...] complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis [...] widespread throughout Europe and also present in the Russian Far East and North America. Life cycle and appearance of Blackcurrant aphid Aphids have a complex

Greenhouse whitefly

The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence [...] The consumption of plant sap and secreting of honeydew by whiteflies reduce the aesthetic value of crops. This is particularly important in ornamentals. Solution

American serpentine leaf miner

cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are [...] crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small percentage of the larvae

Woolly apple aphid

sheltering in cracks and under loose bark. The nymphs become active in late March or April (in the northern hemisphere) and around the end of May, large [...] occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few other woody Rosaceae. Life cycle and appearance of Woolly apple aphid In contrast to other aphids [...] are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary to the situation in America, South

Caterpillars

damage crops. Most of them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue. Many [...] that occur in greenhouses belong to the Noctuidae (the noctuid or owl moths), which is the largest of all lepidopteran families. Most adults of this family [...] underside of leaves. This causes a window effect where the epidermis of the upper leaf surface remains undamaged. Young caterpillars are often found in groups

Cabbage moth

destroy large numbers of leaves and their frass accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Solution [...] hiding in the crop during the day. Several days after emerging from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves [...] have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they