Brown soft scale

flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat [...] light grey in colour, with dark brown speckles or spots. The colour of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female [...] soft scale Coccus hesperidum is very common in tropical and sub-tropical regions and is also a common pest in greenhouses throughout the world. C. hesperidum

Carnation tortrix

spectrana ). Each female of the carnation tortrix ( Cacoecimorpha pronubana ) is capable of laying up to 700 eggs, deposited in batches of 10 to 200 on the upper [...] herbaceous forms - of 42 plant families, and it is the major pests in carnation cultures throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly in Israel, Italy [...] swollen appearance. In some cases, it may not be apparent that flowers are infested. The species is particularly troublesome in the culture of carnations and

Potato aphid

therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] specifically characteristic of the potato aphid and is particularly visible in the nymphs. Immatures have a light dusting of whitish-grey wax. The aphids [...] balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season

Cottony soft rot

death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead [...] plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) [...] mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

) causes foot rot in peas, whereas Ascochyta pisi does occur sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds [...] Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot Ascochyta pisi hardly survives in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor saprophytic [...] lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The

American serpentine leaf miner

cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. In gerbera [...] toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots are oval and hard to distinguish from feeding spots. The larvae of Liriomyza trifolii are

Cabbage moth

destroy large numbers of leaves and their frass accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle [...] hiding in the crop during the day. Several days after emerging from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves [...] have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they

Pine processionary moth

during the following summer because of the persistence of allergenic hairs in the remains of winter nests The larvae of the Pine processionary moth cause [...] the viability of oak trees. Life cycle and appearance of Pine processionary moth The female moth has a wingspan of 36-49 mm; the wingspan of the male is [...] black. Pupation takes place in the soil in an oval, ochreous-white silken cocoon. The pupae are about 20 mm in length, oval, and of a pale brownish-yellow colour

Boisduval scale

These three species of Diaspi s are very similar in their appearance and damage symptoms. Here, the Boisduval scale is described in more detail, as it is [...] occurs throughout the tropics, and in greenhouses in more temperate climates. It is very polyphagous and can be a pest of orchids, palms, pineapples, bananas [...] symptoms The first sign of Boisduval scale is the presence of the scales on upper and lower leaf surfaces, fruits, and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval

Greenhouse whitefly

solutions for whitefly in your crop Damage symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This [...] the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence [...] The consumption of plant sap and secreting of honeydew by whiteflies reduce the aesthetic value of crops. This is particularly important in ornamentals .