• Rophoria

  effective between 20 and 30°C. High humidity is favourable for larval development and hatching of pupae. Adult hoverflies feed on pollen and nectar. Ensure flowering [...] or rain. Dosage The dosage of Rophoria depends on climate, crop and aphid density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction [...] species/stages of aphids . Mode of action Adult hoverflies emerge from the pupae and deposit their eggs in the aphid colonies. The young larvae start feeding on

• Obscure mealybug

  the crop in various ways: Nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and / or yellowing of leaves, sometimes [...] Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit [...] are yellow-brown and not yet covered with wax. They are actively mobile and known as ‘crawlers’. Second instar nymphs are darker and less active. From

• Pine processionary moth

  volume growth. Defoliation damage and the presence of caterpillars are important on amenity trees in recreational and residential areas The caterpillars [...] definitive appearance and the reddish dorsal urticating hair patches on each body segment appear, arranged in pairs. The integument and hairs that clothe the [...] fourth and fifth instars may be prolonged in the winter. The pupal stage can be prolonged considerably by diapause. A few hours after emergence and mating

• Leaf miners

  reducing photosynthesis and weakening plant growth. Their feeding patterns cause visible leaf damage, lower crop quality and can open the way for secondary [...] protect plant vitality and maintain marketable yields. Biological control of leaf miners combines effective natural enemies and monitoring tools to target [...] the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate regions. Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most

• Oak processionary moth

  above). Life cycle and appearance of Oak processionary moth The adults have grey forewings with white and darker grey markings and a wingspan of ca. 30 [...] twigs and covered by hairs from the female. The first instar larvae overwinter within the eggs and hatch in mid- or late April. They are nocturnal and feed [...] The common and scientific names of this moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long processions. The moth is native to central and southern Europe

• Cutworms

  black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground [...] seedlings. Third to seventh instars become negatively phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars [...] because of partial cutting. A larva often cuts one plant and quickly moves on to other plants and continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations

• Hemispherical scale

  coffeae , occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental crops can also [...] may attract attendant ants and sooty moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Badly fouled leaves may drop prematurely. Life cycle and appearance of Hemispherical [...] The high, rounded form and smooth surface distinguish the species from most other soft scales. The size depends on the host plant and can vary from 2 to 4

• Southern European marshland pyralid

  ornamental crop plants, such as roses and gerbera, aquatic plants, vegetable crops such as celery, pepper and lettuce, and weeds. The secretive habit of the [...] crops cultivated in an ebb-and-flow irrigation system. The damage threshold varies considerably according to the crop: in begonia and kalanchoë a relatively [...] as well as life materials. Young larvae feed on the leaves and flowers before they bore and burrow into the stem to emerge at ground level. The caterpillars

• Spotted Wing Drosophila

  spread extensively in North and South America and Europe where it has caused severe yield losses in many berry crops, cherries and grapes. Damage symptoms [...] blueberries, strawberries) and stone fruits (e.g. cherries, plums) being particularly susceptible to infestation. Life cycle and appearance of Spotted wing [...] used to penetrate the skin of the host fruit and for laying the egg into the fruit. Eggs are white, 0.6 long and 0.2 mm wide. Each egg has two respiratory

• Impatiens thrips

  sweet pepper, cucumber and eggplants. It lives exclusively on the leaves and is often present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens [...] stages are found on the upper- and undersides of the leaf. Pupation occurs on the leaf rather than on the ground. The prepupae and pupae remain immobile on the [...] Adults are found on both upper- and undersides of the leaves. This species of thrips is relatively large. Both males and females are dark brown to black