Hemispherical scale

prematurely. Life cycle and appearance of Hemispherical scale An adult female of S. coffeae has a hemispherical form with a smooth surface. The colour is usually [...] Saissetia coffeae , occurs widely in tropical regions and in greenhouses throughout the world. It is a severe pest in coffee and citrus. Many ornamental [...] white to yellowish, more oval in form and with a raised H-pattern on the dorsal surface. All instars live on the underside of leaves, often close to the midrib

Shallot aphid

end of the storage period causing malformation of new plants. Life cycle and appearance of The shallot aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both [...] winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous [...] aphid is cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding of shallot aphid on strawberries invokes a strong host plant reaction. Infested

Pine processionary moth

caterpillars move in a file searching for a suitable site to tunnel underground and pupate in the soil. Pupation takes place at a depth of about 10 cm and [...] during the following summer because of the persistence of allergenic hairs in the remains of winter nests The larvae of the Pine processionary moth cause [...] the viability of oak trees. Life cycle and appearance of Pine processionary moth The female moth has a wingspan of 36-49 mm; the wingspan of the male is

Adalia bipunctata

two-spot ladybird or the two-spotted ladybug, is a species of a predatory beetle. As a natural enemy of aphids , Adalia bipunctata contributes to natural [...] yellowish orange in color. They are typically laid in clusters on the undersides of leaves near prey concentrations. Larval stage: The larvae of Adalia bipunctata [...] bodies with distinct black and orange markings. Adalia bipunctata larvae are often covered in spiky hairs and move actively on foliage in search of prey

Cotton aphid

winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized viviparous [...] photosynthesis in the leaves is reduced, affecting production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged [...] balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season

Thrips

mm in length. They have a distinctive elongated shape, with long, narrow wings that are fringed with fine hairs. Color: Thrips can be a variety of colors [...] she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves of sweet pepper, for instance [...] thrips populations in check. Predatory mites in sachets can be a good preventive measure as the sachets enable a continuous supply of predatory mites even

Leek moth

mm long, with a wing span of 15-16 mm. Their general colour is grey-brown with a typical white triangle in the middle of the posterior edge of the forewings [...] and . a yellowish-white body. Pupation takes place in a 10-mm-long, cream-coloured, silk cocoon made of characteristic meshes spun on the surface of the [...] throughout Europe. It is also found in some Asian countries and has been introduced to parts of Canada. The larvae of Acrolepiopsis assectella feed on cultivated

Onion thrips

plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The colour of the adult depends [...] finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into [...] leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations

Oleander scale

cycle and appearance of Oleander scale Adult oleander scales are a greyish, dirty white or yellowy colour, round in shape, with a scale whose apex is [...] off-centred. This scale resembles a miniature fried egg with a diameter of 2 mm. The newly hatched crawlers are roughly 0.3 mm long. They quickly attach [...] photosynthetic area of the plants, leading to lower yield. Damage to fruit occurs in heavy infestations, where spotting and often deformity of fruits affects

Tomato leaf miner

damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting [...] crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate [...] occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses for decades, but has become a common pest since the 1960’s, particularly in sweet