• American serpentine leaf miner

  exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning [...] for the identification of the species. Indirect damage arises when disease causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via the feeding spots. Life cycle [...] appearance of American serpentine leaf miner The life cycle of a leaf miner has the following stages: egg, three larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult

• Thrips

  she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves of sweet pepper, for instance [...] hatching, the larvae begin to feed on plant tissue on the underside of the leaf. The larvae are smaller than the adults and lack wings. Depending on the species [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop

• Crane flies

  roots and crowns of grasses during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become [...] General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up in spring. The larvae pupate below the soil surface in summer. The pupal stage lasts about two weeks

• Leaf miners

  quantity of foliage can be lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host [...] belong to the order Diptera (the true flies ) and form the family Agromyzidae. This is a family of small flies whose larvae tunnel into the leaves of plants [...] There are many species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions, the larvae of these species are p

• Western flower thrips

  finally the adult insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks [...] disturbed. In the adults both pairs of wings are fully developed. Damage symptoms Thrips cause damage to plants by piercing the cells of the surface tissues [...] causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop

• Precautionary measures for product allergies

  home in a closed plastic bag. Moistening the clothes in the bag prevents allergens and other particles from dispersing in the air when you open the bag [...] service or doctor. In case of a life-threatening situation call the emergency medical services immediately. A combination of factors The level of sensitivity [...] device, avoid direct contact and make sure that there is no one in the direct airflow of the blower. Hygiene Once you have finished your work, take off your

• Tobacco aphid

  also capable of dispersing through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato [...] crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses [...] to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky

• Carnation tortrix

  (with a dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the moths of the species are easy to recognize [...] Each female of the carnation tortrix ( Cacoecimorpha pronubana ) is capable of laying up to 700 eggs, deposited in batches of 10 to 200 on the upper surface [...] General The carnation tortrix ( Cacoecimorpha pronubana ) is a Mediterranean species belonging to the family of Tortricidae . It occurs in the Middle East

• Greenhouse whitefly

  found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the plant and [...] General The greenhouse whitefly ( Trialeurodes vaporariorum ) is one of the major pests of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses throughout the world [...] affect the physiology of the plant, as a result of which growth is retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence

• European red mite

  generations in one year. The European red mite overwinters in the egg stage; the “winter eggs” are laid in the wooden parts of the host plants in autumn. [...] and appearance of European red mite The European red mite feeds mainly on the undersides of leaves but moves to upper leaf surfaces when the lower side becomes [...] spots (tubercles) at the base of the hairs; males are about 0.3 mm long, yellowish red, and more slender and tapered near the hind end. The development from