Cabbage moth

accumulates in the heart of cabbage, thereby lowering the commercial value of infested crops. Life cycle and appearance of Cabbage moth The adult cabbage [...] from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The eggs are initially [...] have a light network of markings. First instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they

Silver-Y moth

leaves, accumulation of frass and destruction of growing points. Life cycle and appearance of Silver-Y moth The forewings of the silver-Y moth ( Autographa [...] with their wings folded roof-like above the body. The female lays up to 2,000 eggs on the underside of the leaves of their host plant, usually separately [...] characteristic feature of this caterpillar is the oscillatory swaying movement of the anterior end. The caterpillars are nocturnal. When the caterpillar is full-grown

Tomato leafminer

cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth of the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta ) lays about 260 eggs. The eggs of the tomato leaf miner [...] occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the fruit itself. On leaves, the larvae only feed on mesophyll tissues, leaving the epidermis intact [...] mine inside the leaf, stem or fruit. In the second to fourth instars they become greenish with a black band behind the head. The prepupae of the tomato leaf

Mottled arum aphid

large amounts of honeydew, which provides an excellent substrate for the growth of black sooty mould. Large areas of mould covering the leaves can reduce [...] colonies of mottled arum aphids can greatly reduce plant vigour and kill the plant through sucking of plant sap. However, also at lower densities the aphids [...] sexual stage in the life cycle. Wingless females of the mottled arum aphid are shiny whitish, yellowish or green with black cross bands behind the head, broken

Brown soft scale

spots. The colour of the scale darkens as the female ages. The size, shape and characteristics of the female also vary with different host plants. The middle [...] cover the leaves, flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the [...] orchids. Damage symptoms The scales produce enormous quantities of honeydew. This is usually the first visible symptom. Because of this, C. hesperidum is

Onion thrips

black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations become serious [...] eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a [...] head and bright red eyes. The colour of the adult depends on the food source. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can

Cactus mealybug

Life cycle and appearance of Cactus mealybug Mealybugs get their name from the fact that the body of the females from the third nymphal instar onwards [...] flowers. Depending on the host plant species, infestations with cactus mealybug cause discoloration of the plants and later necrosis of the tissue. Plant de [...] greenhouse-grown succulents around the world as it was probably distributed by the trade in ornamental plants. Damage symptoms The cactus mealybug usually infests

Two-spotted spider mite

to the host plant by feeding on plant sap. They mainly occur on the underside of leaves where they pierce the cells and suck out the contents. The empty [...] on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of two-spotted spider mite Two-spotted [...] yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced

Carnation tortrix

(with a dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the moths of the species are easy to recognize [...] silken mass. The larvae hide inside the rolled leaves, growing tips or flowers that have been spun together. The feeding caterpillars of the carnation tortrix [...] Each female of the carnation tortrix ( Cacoecimorpha pronubana ) is capable of laying up to 700 eggs, deposited in batches of 10 to 200 on the upper surface

Buckthorn-potato aphid

half the body length. The aphids overwinter as eggs on buckthorn. After emerging in spring, the aphids mainly feed on the underside of leaves of their [...] does not cause plant deformation. The major problem in potatoes is the transmission of viruses. Life cycle and appearance of Buckthorn-potato aphid Aphids [...] usually found in the lower parts of the plants and are not very mobile. In autumn, winged males and females are produced, which return to the primary host