Horse-chestnut leaf miner
leaves is covered with mines, the leaves start to dry out and fall off. However, total defoliation does not seem to affect the growth of mature trees. At [...] where it spread to most of Europe. Since then, in all invaded regions, outbreaks have continued unabated, causing aesthetic damage to horse-chestnut, one [...] damage leaves by feeding between the upper and lower parenchyma. The mine starts to turn yellow and later brown. By this time, the damage is very visible.