Grey mould

plants or plant parts in a closed plastic bag In tomato: prune with a knife and not by hand, to avoid rugged, irregular wound surfaces In cucumber: remove dead [...] Botrytis cinerea ) is part of the foot rot complex, which causes rotting of the foot and may cause death of the plants. In cucumber and tomato the fungus [...] Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as

Spidex

repeated once or twice at weekly intervals. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognised distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for [...] Tetranychus urticae ) and other Tetranychus spp., except Tetranychus evansi . Mode of action Predatory mites pierce their prey with their sucking mouthparts and [...] chips. Application Turn and shake the bottle gently before use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes

Dwarf bunt

y, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination [...] General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with Tilletia

Early blight

and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general [...] rotation, in particular when spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving [...] stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the

Cottony soft rot

cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( S [...] death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead [...] and infection mostly take place at high soil water content over a prolonged period of time. The sclerotia germinate directly and form mycelium or produce

Glume blotch

presents itself as brown, elongated lesions with a light halo on leaves, stems and glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured translucent pycnidia [...] Perithecia are also formed on dead glumes and stems. In case of severe infection , the heads of wheat become black and the kernels become shrivelled and [...] lesions, new pycnidia are formed. The conidia that are produced in these pycnidia emerge in a pink slimy substance. The conidia are released at high relative

Powdery mildew

underside of the leaf. On the upper side, yellow spots are noticeable. In case of a severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper side of the [...] production, so the net effect of the RH is very small. Wind and draught in greenhouses promote disease. In greenhouses, dispersal of spores over small distances [...] fairly similar in all plant-pathogen combinations. The symptoms are white fluffy colonies, first and foremost on the upper side of the leaf. In severe epidemics

Obscure mealybug

effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order [...] an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must therefore ingest large quantities of sap, getting rid of the excess sugars in the form of honeydew. Charac [...] originates from South America, but can now be found in many parts of the world with a temperate climate. It has a very similar appearance to the citrus mealybug

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue [...] growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative [...] tissue and causes a genetic change in the plant. How to prevent Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall Use clean propagation material Use a strict hygiene protocol

Verticillium wilt

pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover at night. The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant. Cutting the stalk [...] vessels of the plant and produces spores that are transported upwards with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the [...] Start with clean soil or substrate by heating it at a temperature if at least 65 o C for a minimum of 30 minutes Use clean seed, tubers or cuttings Grow