• Lyprauta

  are small earthworms of the family Enchytraeidae. Damage symptoms The symptoms are superficial damage on roots. Especially the root tips are affected. They [...] dark-coloured mark on the apical wing parts as well as two smaller marks. Adults of L. chacoensis have only one small dark-coloured spot on their wings. The [...] Lyprauta chacoensis (family Keroplatidae) have been associated with root damage in potted orchids, especially in greenhouses in the Netherlands. Dutch farmers

• Foot rot of cereals

  moist conditions, making it particularly problematic in temperate regions. Damage symptoms M. nivale is the primary pathogen in the group that causes seedling [...] staining of the lower nodes. Long dark streaks may also appear at the stem base. On older plants, infection can produce a true foot rot, where the stem base becomes [...] bleaching of the ears. The presence of orange/pink spores may also be visible on infected spikelets. As the crop ripens, symptoms become less visible. At harvest

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts and on the [...] or Rhizobium radiobacter causes crazy roots, hairy roots and crown gall. Damage symptoms The four pathogenic Rhizobium species cause different symptoms

• Nematodes significantly reduce Tuta larvae

  interval. We spray them on the tomato canopy at a dosage of 3 billion per hectare. We prefer to apply them in the evening so that the leaves stay wet for longer [...] While the spread of Tuta absoluta continues to seriously damage tomato crops worldwide, Italian greenhouse tomato grower and technician, Vittorio Zoboli [...] Agricola Gandini Antonio in the 1950s, the company has based its farming methods on criteria that respect the environment and people, and the quality of its product

• Wheat bunt

  remain green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger [...] diseases such as common wheat bunt, stinking smut, karnal bunt of wheat. Damage symptoms Plantsinfected by Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis are hard [...] Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

• Dwarf bunt

  remain green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger [...] TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt. Damage symptoms Tilletia controversa causes (bunted) heads that are slender and [...] of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection

• Spidend

  Wood wool and dried cucumber leaves. Application Make a hole in the lid and place the cup on the rock wool slab or directly on the soil Protect against direct [...] direct sunlight and water Leave the cup in place for at least two weeks Dosage The dosage of Spidend depends on climate, crop and spider mite density and [...] and deposit eggs next to the spider mites . Once emerged, the larvae feed on the spider mites. Visual effect Spider mites are consumed entirely, only skin

• Pollination checklist tomato

  pollinated before it closes. Depending on the conditions, a flower will remain open for one to three days. To check on pollination , collect about 20 closed [...] vibrate. This is known as buzz pollination. The imprints of the bumblebee's jaw on the flower (bite marks) turn brown within one to four hours and make it possible [...] problems with fruit setting. The bumblebees will still collect pollen, and leave bite marks, but no fruit will grow. Bumblebees are active at temperatures

• Crane flies

  and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses and cereal crops. The adults do not cause any damage. Damage symptoms Larval [...] burrows of the larvae might also be visible. Secondary damage may come from birds and rodents feeding on larvae and digging up turf. Life cycle and appearance [...] clearly visible veins. Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown

• Pepper weevil

  continuously monitored, given their ability to cause huge damage. When they are already present on the crop, the best approach is to monitor them during the [...] the ground and keep still when they detect a threat. Damage symptoms The most significant damage occurs with the loss of fruit, whether they fall to the [...] wilting and dropping off. When you see fruit on the ground, it is clear that the crop has been very severely damaged. Lifecycle and appearance of the pepper