• Flies

  January 1, 1970

  soft fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist [...] problem in greenhouse and field crops, where they disturb plant growth, spread diseases and affect crop hygiene. Their larvae can damage roots and growing [...] traps, lures, and attractants Insect traps Sticky traps Beneficial nematodes and predatory mites target fly larvae in the soil, while traps and attractants

• Codling moth

  January 1, 1970

  generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or other places in the store. [...] notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After invading [...] mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a pale anal plate. The pupa is 8-10 mm long and yellowish brown to dark brown

• Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

  January 1, 1970

  host, resulting in the emergence of a new generation of nematodes that can continue to seek out and infect other pests in the area. In this way, Heter [...] pests by parasitizing and killing them, providing a natural and environmentally friendly method of pest management in agriculture and horticulture. How to [...] nematode commonly used in biological pest control . These microscopic roundworms are parasitic and are known for their effectiveness in controlling a variety

• Shallot aphid

  January 1, 1970

  ing and there is no sexual stage in the life cycle. No eggs are produced. Myzus ascalonicus is cold hardy and overwinters in sheltered places and greenhouses [...] strawberries, lettuce, brassicas and potatoes and many ornamentals . The shallot aphid is cosmopolitan and widely spread in Europe. Damage symptoms Feeding [...] growth starts in spring. Petioles are shortened and leaves curled and twisted. Blossom trusses are also affected, fruits remain small and yield is reduced

• Tobacco whitefly

  January 1, 1970

  retarded. In full sunlight, leaves can wilt and fall. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The [...] damage, including irregular ripening in tomatoes and sweet peppers, yellowing of the flower stalks in gerbera, and serious yellowing of the leaves of French [...] belongs to the family Aleyrodidae , and the sub-family Aleyrodinae . This insect was first identified on tobacco in Greece in 1889, hence the name tabaci . It

• Black bean aphid

  January 1, 1970

  complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black moulds grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops

• Green peach aphid

  January 1, 1970

  cycle and appearance of green peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour [...] least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low

• Thrips

  January 1, 1970

  most challenging pests in greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding and virus transmission cause leaf deformation, silvering and fruit damage, leading to [...] Predatory mites and bugs actively control thrips larvae and pupae, while beneficial nematodes target pupae in the soil. Sticky traps and kairomones support [...] female deposits an egg, she makes an opening in the plant tissue. The eggs are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. On the leaves

• Pear psylla

  January 1, 1970

  of pear in central Europe and can inflict serious damage in pear orchards. Damage symptoms Pear psylla feeding leads to growth inhibition and malformation [...] spring and start to feed on young leaves and flowers. Eggs are deposited in crevices of the bark of twigs and hatch after about 3 weeks. There are 5 nymphal [...] leaves and fruits. Heavy infestations can cause premature leaf fall and fruit drop. Flowers attacked by first generation nymphs turn brown and die. Feeding

• Diamond back moth

  January 1, 1970

  They often stick to leaves and frequently hide in crevices near the bud. In cauliflower and broccoli, pupation may occur in the florets. Initially, the [...] flower buds, flowers and young seed pods, causing loss of pods and seeds. Life cycle and appearance of Diamond back moth The oval and flattened eggs of the [...] chlorophyll-rich green areas of stems and pods causing whitening of the crop. Heavily damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most cases, die. On rapeseed,