Apple scab

petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The lesions [...] wind-dispersed to the fruit trees and will germinate if free water is available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between [...] through the cuticula. The asexual conidia are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus

Cottony soft rot

directly and form mycelium or produce apothecia (fruiting bodies) containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores [...] rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs with new dark sclerotia. The fungus also infects [...] infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease

Early blight

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary [...] lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection [...] three days later and sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species

Loose smut of barley

next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next [...] within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a

Natutec Airobreez

Always charge the battery before use: the battery is fully charged when the light is green Place the battery to connect to the device Clip on the shoulder belt [...] speed for the determined amount to be released Remove the cap of the reservoir Fill the reservoir with the material to be released and close the reservoir [...] Store the Airobreez and accessories in a dry and dust-free area. The Airobreez can be stored in the supplied case. Always store the batteries in the chargers

Verticillium wilt

vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed [...] new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited. Dispersal [...] of the plant and produces spores that are transported upwards with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the vessels

Monitoring

Montdo-Mite

Turn and shake bottle gently before use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Carefully sprinkle material on leaves Make sure the material [...] Natutec Airobug Dosage The dosage of Montdo-Mite depends on climate, crop and pest density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start [...] conditions Transeius montdorensis is most effective at temperatures between between 20 and 32°C (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below

Swirski-Mite Plus

species and eggs and larvae of whitefly . Crops Do not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over [...] swirskii is most effective at temperatures between 20 and 32°C (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below 18°C (64°F). A. swirskii is sensitive [...] in the crop, not exposed to direct sunlight Sachets already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory

Macro-Mite

thrips pupae and other soil-dwelling insects. The mites appear in and on the soil and at the base of plant stems. The reduction of the infestation level [...] Application Turn and shake the cardboard cylinder gently before use Spread material evenly on soil or planting medium (not on the plastic) Dosage The dosage of [...] planting medium and pest density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventatively or as soon as the first pests