Southern European marshland pyralid
plant families. They include ornamental crop plants, such as roses and gerbera, aquatic plants, vegetable crops such as celery, pepper and lettuce, and [...] to the roots of crops cultivated in an ebb-and-flow irrigation system. The damage threshold varies considerably according to the crop: in begonia and kalanchoë [...] . Damage symptoms The caterpillars often stay in the lower strata of the crop, sometimes attacking the stem of the plant as well as the leaves. Late instar