Carnation tortrix

it is the major pests in carnation cultures throughout the Mediterranean region, particularly in Israel, Italy, France and Spain. In greenhouses, it is most [...] swollen appearance. In some cases, it may not be apparent that flowers are infested. The species is particularly troublesome in the culture of carnations [...] dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the moths of the species are easy to recognize

Leaf stripe

12 °C are most conducive for this disease and infection does not occur at soil temperatures above 15 °C. How to prevent Leaf stripe Produce seed in semi-arid [...] first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. They gradually extend [...] primary infection. The fungus spreads from the seed into the seedling. Conidia are produced on the infected leaves when humidity is high and wind-dispersed to

Macrolophus pygmaeus

insect has been widely employed in integrated pest management (IPM) programs in tomato. Macrolophus pygmaeus adults are small, slender predatory bugs with [...] More delicate types of tomato are more susceptible to damage. In tomato there may be fruit deformations during setting, and in gerbera, misshapen flowers [...] insect. Adult females are 3.0-3.6 mm long and the males between 2.9-3.1 mm. They are slender with long legs and antennae. The bugs are green except for occasional

Impatiens thrips

the plant, specifically on the leaves. Eggs are deposited in the leaf tissue, while subsequent stages are found on the upper- and undersides of the leaf [...] as a consequence of the trade in foliage plants. Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) has a wide range of hosts. In addition to many ornamental plants [...] present on weeds in greenhouses. Life cycle and appearance of Impatiens thrips Impatiens thrips (Echinothrips americanus) develops in six stages: egg,

Western flower thrips

flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a [...] Larvae are nearly transparent white or yellowish to orange-yellow, with a large head and bright red eyes. Adult females are very variable in colour. They [...] (Frankliniella occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves, in flowers or in other sheltered places. The prepupal and

Leek moth

and flowering stages are most widely affected, but the seedling stage is sometimes affected in nurseries. Stored onions and garlic are also damaged. After [...] instar larvae are ca 1 mm long, but mature larvae are ca 10 mm with a brown head capsule and . a yellowish-white body. Pupation takes place in a 10-mm-long [...] a typical white triangle in the middle of the posterior edge of the forewings. The hindwings are uniformly grey. The moth are active at night and rest

Silver-Y moth

plant, usually separately but sometimes in small groups. These eggs are a greyish white, suffused with a blue-grey in the middle and they have irregular surface [...] The caterpillars are nocturnal. When the caterpillar is full-grown, it will form a greenish to black pupa, either in leaves which are woven together with [...] appears in northern parts of Europe until November, migrating back to southern Europe for the winter months. The moths can fly 2,000 to 2,500 km. In temperate

Large blackberry aphid

species are host specific the host plant is the simplest method to distinguish these two species. The large blackberry aphid is widely distributed in Europe [...] cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis, with unfertilized [...] they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the large blackberry aphid are 2.6-4.1 mm long, pale to yellowish green with

Shore fly

the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar larvae are brownish, less translucent [...] the larvae of most species feed on rotting material. Shore flies are commonly found in greenhouses. Damage symptoms Shore flies ( Scatella tenuicosta) do [...] translucent and their body is cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to

Crane flies

Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown in colour [...] during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become active again and feed [...] colour. Larvae have 4 instars (larval stages) an reach 2.5 cm in length when fully grown. Pupae are greyish-brown, and 2.5 cm long. After adults emerge, part