Cabbage moth

from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The eggs are initially [...] instar larvae of the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) are gregarious, eating the edge of the leaves on which they were laid. From the third instar onwards [...] symptoms Large caterpillars feed mainly on the youngest leaves, producing skeletonized leaves, holes and frass on leaves. The caterpillars destroy large numbers

Woolly apple aphid

occur during the summer months, also on new growth. Water shoots arising from the trunk or main branches, are very frequently attacked. The aphids mainly [...] aphid In contrast to other aphids , the life cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless, parthenogenetic and viviparous [...] females of the woolly aphid are 1.2-2.6 mm long, purplish brown and covered by masses of white, mealy wax. The siphunculi are pore-like and the cauda is

Oleander scale

Scale infestation can be seen by the appearance of the scale armour on stems, leaves and fruits of hosts. Infestations on the leaves and stems may cause wilting [...] mm. The newly hatched crawlers are roughly 0.3 mm long. They quickly attach themselves to the plant and form a scale. Colonies mainly form on the underside [...] General Aspidiotus nerii , the oleander scale or white scale belongs to the Coccoidea and has an almost worldwide distribution. Host plants include olive

Pea leaf miner

damaged before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the species of [...] to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to pupate. A small percentage of the larvae remain hanging on the leaf [...] leaf and pupate there, sometimes on the upper surface but more commonly on the underside. The late third instar larva, that emerges from its tunnel just

Crane flies

General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses [...] within one week and then feed on roots and crowns of grasses during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start [...] again and feed voraciously when the soil begins to warm up in spring. The larvae pupate below the soil surface in summer. The pupal stage lasts about two weeks

Bean seed fly

worldwide. Adult flies lay eggs near the base of bean plants, and upon hatching, the larvae burrow into the soil and feed on the seeds and roots of young plants [...] dark brown body with clear wings. The larvae, on the other hand, are small white maggots that can be found near the base of affected bean plants. You can [...] Secondly, inspect the seeds for damage. Look for darkened or damaged seeds, as bean seed fly larvae feed on seeds germinating in the ground, causing them

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

and feed on mealybug nymphs and adults. Pupal stage: Larvae pupate in various places, on any convenient stalk or on the underside of leaves or on even greenhouse [...] beetle species preys primarily on mealybugs , including species such as the citrus mealybug and the long-tailed mealybug . The predatory beetle Cryptolaemus [...] for mealybug control The predatory beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a species of beetle belonging to the family Coccinellidae. The beneficial insect is

Rose aphid

presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm long and green or deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark [...] dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters on rose bushes in the egg stage, although in mild winter [...] rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew on which black sooty

Pine processionary moth

mating, the females oviposit on the nearest pines. The eggs are laid in cylindrical masses around pairs of needles; most eggs masses are laid on the peripheral [...] but also during the following summer because of the persistence of allergenic hairs in the remains of winter nests The larvae of the Pine processionary [...] mimics the pine shoots. The larvae develop through five instars and the full-grown caterpillar is about 40 mm in length. The head capsule is black. The body

Horse-chestnut leaf miner

in the firsts instar up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is brown and is 2.9-4.5 mm long. The horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal [...] may lay up to 180 eggs singly on the upper part of the leaflets. Females of the second and third generations lay eggs on all leaflet surfaces. Larval [...] lower parenchyma. The mine starts to turn yellow and later brown. By this time, the damage is very visible. Eventually the mines may cover the entire surface