• Brown soft scale

  soft scale Coccus hesperidum is very common in tropical and sub-tropical regions and is also a common pest in greenhouses throughout the world. C. hesperidum [...] coccids and in turn benefit from a rich food source. The honeydew also quickly becomes infected by sooty moulds which can cover the leaves, flowers and fruit [...] three days and disperse locally before settling. Once fixed in position, their colour changes to a transparent, light brown and they begin to feed.

• Early blight

  and at a relative humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general [...] st storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid high [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

• Broad mite

  rsonemus latus) occurs in the tropics and in greenhouses in temperate regions. The broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) has a wide range of host plants [...] leaves. In case of a mild infestation, one can often see brown, frequently collapsed spots, or brown stripes forming a fine network on the leaves. In case [...] and cyclamen are also affected. Outside in temperate climates, broad mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to

• Cactus mealybug

  onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder, threads, spiky projections or platelets. Eggs are laid in a sticky, foamy mass of wax [...] occasionally. After the second instar, the males form a pupa. After a complete metamorphosis, a winged male emerges from this pupa. The males lack mouth [...] (formerly known as Spilococcus cactearum ) is a pest of cacti and other succulents. It was first described in England but its origin is not clear. It is now

• Lyprauta

  large numbers of new branches. This ultimately results in a reduced number of flower stems and a longer vegetative stage. The root damage can also form [...] sp. are a transparent greyish white and have a long slender body. The head is brown or reddish. The pupae are white to yellow and embedded in a dense web [...] Keroplatidae) have been associated with root damage in potted orchids, especially in greenhouses in the Netherlands. Dutch farmers call these larvae potworms

• Beetles

  displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored products. There are many useful beetles [...] aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must pass through a pupal instar before reaching [...] The pupae do not make a cocoon and will already display many similarities with the adults. The adult beetles usually possess a pair of membranous wings

• Tobacco aphid

  also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses, such as sweet pepper, aubergine, chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage symptoms [...] ) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco [...] of Tobacco aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual

• Flies

  and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates that is rich in organic matter. Although [...] are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila , Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a major pest on soft fruits in Europe and North [...] deposited on leaves or flowers in ornamental crops, lettuce, and herbs also causes cosmetic damage, and sometimes this can occur on such a scale that growth

• Tomato moth

  tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) is a particularly a pest in greenhouses but can also inflict damage on outdoor crops. It is a polyphagous species feeding on [...] are a reddish-brown with a feint light brown, kidney-shaped marking, and a thin, toothed white line along the posterior edge of the forewing. As in most [...] the underside of leaves in groups of 50 to 300, often arranged in layers. The eggs are greenish at first, but gradually change to a light yellow or almost

• Garden chafer

  garden chafer ( Phyllopertha horticola ) is a beetle from the Scarabaeidae family. It does most of its damage in the larval stage when it feeds on roots of [...] out of the leaves, starting from the edge. This damage is usually not a problem in vegetables and fruit crops but reduces the value of ornamental plants [...] larval instars, a pupal instar and the adult beetle. Adult garden chafers ( Phyllopertha horticola ) have red-brown slightly hairy wings with a dark edge. The