Fusarium spp.

This species is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vascular system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] towards the foot of the plant and enters the vascular system. Inside the vessels, the fungus produces mycelium and many spores (microconidia), which are [...] upwards. At the same time, the plant produces gum as a defence mechanism to stop the fungus from spreading. This gum blocks the xylem and causes the wilting

Click beetles

General Click beetles are elongate beetles with a hard exoskeleton, with the head deeply retracted into the thorax. When disturbed they lie on their back [...] into the air with a audible click. Hence their name. Their larvae are called wireworms and feed on the roots of many plants. Damage symptoms The click [...] to black. The eggs are laid in May or June in groups in the soil. They hatch about one month later and the larvae start to feed on roots. The larvae (‘

Diamond back moth

pointed toward the apex. The tips of the wings appear to turn upward slightly when viewed from the side. In males, the upper two-thirds of the forewings are [...] suffused with ochre or mixed with whitish scales. The lower one-third of the forewing is ochreous-white, with a nearly white upper edge. In females, the upper [...] and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back moth (Plutella

Trianum-P improves open field pepper production in Portugal

Agrícola Militão, in the town of Ribatejo, in a pepper crop for the processing industry. Pedro Militão is one of the two owners of the company Sociedade Agrícola [...] peppers in the Marinhais area. The entire crop is harvested mechanically. With mechanization, it is very important that all plants reach the end of their [...] their cycle with a high level of plant health and vigour so that the harvesting machine can do its work well. ‘With the introduction of mechanical harvesting

Cabbage moth

black forewings, with a kidney-shaped white-rimmed marking in the middle. The hindwings are light brown with a rather inconspicuous spot in the middle. Head [...] grey-brown with white spots, and the abdomen is a pale, greyish brown. The moth flies only at dawn and dusk, hiding in the crop during the day. Several [...] from their pupae the female moths lay clusters of 20 to 100 eggs on the underside of leaves or elsewhere within the greenhouse structure. The eggs are initially

Black bean aphid

bands across the back. The two cornicles (or siphunculi) are short and usually darker than the body. The legs are light yellow with darker tips. Adult wingless [...] caused through the transmission of plant viruses. Infestations start usually at the younger parts of the plant but can spread all over the plant. Nymphs [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

Silver-Y moth

feature is the irregular white mark. The hindwings are brown with a broad, dark band along the margin. The body is light brown and hairy, the antennae are [...] wings folded roof-like above the body. The female lays up to 2,000 eggs on the underside of the leaves of their host plant, usually separately but sometimes [...] brownish green, sometimes with a black lateral line. The body has stiff hairs and is usually greenish with a light lateral line. Below the lateral line there

Experience Centre

you know that the vision of bumblebees differs vastly to that of humans and that we use that difference to provide our clients with the most effective [...] suitable for groups of up to 15 visitors. In the case of bigger groups, the programme can be adapted in consultation. The Experience Centre may be visited by [...] natural pollination , come and visit the Koppert Experience Centre where you can take an interactive journey through the fascinating world of sustainable

Rose aphid

deep pink to red-brown. The antennae and sometimes the head is dark in colour. The siphunculi are black and bent outwards. The rose aphid usually overwinters [...] symptoms Infestations with rose aphids retard the growth of buds and new shoots. Foliage and flowers are often disfigured and contaminated with sticky honeydew [...] before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose aphid are 1.7-3.6 mm

Tomato looper

prolegs, instead of the normal five and therefore the caterpillar moves with the same looping motion as an inchworm (geometrid). The cocoon is usually attached [...] Older instars eat through the leaves, which make them appear skeletonized. The last two instars may eat the entire leaf except for the midrib or other large [...] white marks on the forewing that sometimes overlap each other. The hindwings are brown. The body is brown and hairy and, when at rest, the hairy dorsal plume