Glume blotch

conidia on the oldest leaves, but seed transmission is also possible. The germ tubes can infect the leaves of the plants directly or through stomata. The lesions [...] glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured translucent pycnidia (fruiting bodies) with new spores occur. The lesions may merge, turning the whole [...] humidity (RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus

Leaf stripe

during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the only source of primary infection. The fungus spreads from the seed [...] first occur on the first, second and third leaf and subsequently on other leaves. Yellow stripes are formed at the base of the leaf and the leaf sheath. [...] and chlorotic and may merge. Eventually this leads to the death of the leaf. The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt [...] common with bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] stem seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, w [...] plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying vegetation to the growing crop that

Fusarium wilt

oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts [...] brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle [...] on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and [...] surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post-

Bacterial spot

as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots may merge with lesions on the petioles and [...] green fruits. The specks grow into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also [...] also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial (underside of) leaf surfaces and may enlarge into

Early blight

occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause

Fusarium head blight or scab

density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] spread the disease. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium

How to prevent Fusarium in pepper crops: Protect your plants with Trianum

tomato Trianum-G Tool: dose your Trianum-G efficient and equal at the beginning of the growing season