• Phytophthora blight

  higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores [...] infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required [...] required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since

• Wheat bunt

  kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. Infection is strongly correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11 days [...] General Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate [...] tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores, also

• Apple scab

  overwinters in the form of unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter [...] parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection [...] mechanism is to produce corky rings around the lesions to prevent further invasion of tissue by the fungus. Late fruit infection only results in small dark

• Bacterial spot

  due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata and wounds. The dispersal is in windblown water drops, mechanical means such as clipping [...] Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato causes small [...] volunteer tomato plants in the field and on diseased plant debris. The bacteria are also seed-transmitted. Disease development is favoured by temperatures

• Gummy stem blight

  cucumis (Didymella bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in cucumber causes brown lesions [...] On the leaves, round and extending lesions may occur. In cucumber, the most important symptom is internal fruit rot, which can only be recognized from [...] cucumis survives in crop debris and produces the sexual ascospores and asexual conida simultaneously. The spores germinate when free water is present on the

• Early blight

  General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger under quite warm and [...] sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of

• Leaf stripe

  graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the [...] the seed before use Use resistant cultivars Delay sowing in spring barley until soil temperature is higher than 12-15 o C Prevent plant diseases by optimizing [...] General Pyrenophora graminea is a disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and

• Chrysoperla carnea

  sometimes appear in groups when the population density is particularly high. The development of the pupa is visible externally. The outer cocoon is 8 mm long [...] carnea Chrysoperla carnea is effective in a wide temperature range including low temperatures (average > 12°C/54°F). It is most effective at 20-28°C (68-82°F) [...] closely spun cocoon is off-white and egg-shaped, about 3 mm long and 2.5 mm thick. The space between the inner and outer cocoon is filled with fine, loose

• Yes, I’m satisfied with Natupol Booster and Koppert’s services!

  MerryBerry is the largest plantation of bio blueberries in Romania. The farm is located in the village of Mija deep in the picturesque county of Dambovita [...] plantation is in the third year of production and we used one Natupol Booster hive per hectare last spring. The other part of the plantation is in the second [...] MerryBerry: ‘The main reason is to ensure proper pollination regardless of weather conditions or the wildlife present in the area. In our experience the cost

• Cottony soft rot

  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between [...] whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows [...] General Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms