Cotton aphid

leaves is reduced, affecting production. Life cycle and appearance of Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms

Western flower thrips

significant pest in cucumber, sweet pepper, eggplants, and many ornamental crops. Life cycle and appearance of Western flower thrips The western flower thrips

Cottony cushion scale

honeydew, cottony cushion scale infestations are often attended by ants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony cushion scale As with all scale insects,

Pear psylla

covering shoots, leaves and developing fruits with a sticky black layer. Life cycle and appearance of Pear psylla Adults pear psyllas are 2-3 mm long and

Hemispherical scale

moulds grow on the sugary deposits. Badly fouled leaves may drop prematurely. Life cycle and appearance of Hemispherical scale An adult female of S. coffeae

Pine processionary moth

processionary moth cause severe defoliation, reducing the viability of oak trees. Life cycle and appearance of Pine processionary moth The female moth has a wingspan [...] pale brownish-yellow colour that later changes to dark reddish-brown The life cycle of T. pityocampa is normally annual but may extend over 2 years at

Oak processionary moth

in severe allergic reactions, amongst other health problems (see above). Life cycle and appearance of Oak processionary moth The adults have grey forewings

Horse-chestnut leaf miner

removed in the autumn, trees are usually totally defoliated, year after year. Life cycle and appearance of Horse-chestnut leaf miner The adult moth is 4-5 mm

Circular scale

with paler margins, on both surfaces of shaded leaves of the host plant. Life cycle and appearance of Circular scale Female nymphs and adults have flat

Brown soft scale

flowers and fruit of the host and reduce photosynthesis and respiration. Life cycle and appearance of Brown soft scale The scale of the female is flat