• Silver-Y moth

  northern parts of Europe until November, migrating back to southern Europe for the winter months. The moths can fly 2,000 to 2,500 km. In temperate climates [...] skeletonized leaves, accumulation of frass and destruction of growing points. Life cycle and appearance of Silver-Y moth The forewings of the silver-Y moth [...] gamma ) have varied markings, from different shades of brown to grey, but the most distinctive feature is the irregular white mark. The hindwings are brown

• Cutworms

  General Cutworms ( Agrotis spp.) are occurring worldwide. Important species are for instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum [...] seedlings. Third to seventh instars become negatively phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground during the day. Damage from these instars [...] occasionally tunnel into the growing stalk, disrupting the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have pale grey

• Horse-chestnut leaf miner

  horse-chestnut trees in Macedonia in the 1970s, from where it spread to most of Europe. Since then, in all invaded regions, outbreaks have continued unabated [...] removed in the autumn, trees are usually totally defoliated, year after year. Life cycle and appearance of Horse-chestnut leaf miner The adult moth is 4-5 mm

• Obscure mealybug

  sufficient to render the product unfit for sale. A very small population can thus cause considerable economic damage. Life cycle and appearance of Obscure mealybug [...] s viburni is difficult to control biologically. Damage symptoms Although most species of mealybug feed on the aerial parts of the plant, some species extract [...] affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower

• Loose smut of barley

  and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use of seeds from infected fields for further cropping [...] Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during [...] becomes thick-walled and swollen as a dormant survival structure. Infection mostly occurs before pollination and within one to two days after pollination.

• Loose smut of wheat

  and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use of seeds from infected fields for further cropping [...] Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during [...] becomes thick-walled and swollen as a dormant survival structure. Infection mostly occurs before pollination and within one to two days after pollination.

• Tomato leafminer

  Datura stramonium, Lycium chilense , and Solanum nigrum. Damage symptoms The most distinctive symptoms of damage done by the tomato leaf miner ( Tuta absoluta) [...] fungal diseases to enter, leading to rotting fruit before or after harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato leafminer The female moth of the tomato leaf [...] are nocturnal and usually hide between leaves during the day. Recommended for you Macrolophus pygmaeus Plant Pests

• Tomato looper

  chalcites ) spreads to several northerly countries and is now one of the most frequently found pest species in greenhouses. Damage symptoms The tomato [...] appear skeletonized. The last two instars may eat the entire leaf except for the midrib or other large veins. On tomatoes, the tomato looper ( Chrysodeixis [...] young plants. Infestations on ornamental plants reduce their marketability. Life cycle and appearance of Tomato looper The tomato looper or golden twin-spot

• Hop

  Northern Hemisphere where currently the most acreage of production occurs. Although these plants have a very long life cycle, with the continued popularity [...] popularity of microbrews across the globe, genetics for flavoring have dictated how long these plants stay in the ground. They emerge each year towards the end [...] end of Spring and are harvested near the end of Summer. Recommended for you Grower Koen - Embracing biological crop protection in agriculture A dive into

• Damping-off

  stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher [...] higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] older plants, the leaves lose their turgor or the leaf tips turn yellow, for example in flower bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but