Southern European marshland pyralid

the daytime. Eggs are laid singly or in groups of 5 to 10 eggs, overlapping in a tile-like fashion on both the upper and lower surface of leaves close [...] forewing. The end of the remarkably long abdomen bends upward almost vertically, with the abdomen of males often being longer than that of females. Another [...] the egg. The full-grown caterpillars are 20 to 30 mm long and have a creamy white colour. Along the dorsal surface of the body there are pairs of dark

Pepper weevil

significant damage occurs with the loss of fruit, whether they fall to the ground or contain holes where eggs are laid or adults were hatched. Meanwhile [...] begin to copulate and subsequently lay eggs in the flowers or immature fruit. On average, a female weevil lays 341 eggs over the full oviposition period, which [...] When they hatch inside an immature fruit, they move towards the middle of the mass of young seeds; whereas, when they hatch inside the flower bud, they feed

Spider mites and other mites

availability of food. Here's an overview of the life cycle of plant mites: Egg: The life cycle begins with the female mite laying eggs. The eggs are usually [...] necrosis. Life cycle of mites The life cycle of mites typically consists of four stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. The duration of their life cycle can [...] usually spherical and laid on the underside of leaves or on other parts of the plant. The number of eggs laid by a single female can vary, and they can hatch

Aphidius matricariae

cycle and appearance of Aphidius matricariae Adults are 3-4 mm golden brown wasps with long antennae. Characteristic for the distinction of the species are [...] are the fine stripes on side parts of the wasp waist. Aphidius matricariae is specific to aphids of the family Aphididae. Most species belong to the genera [...] Ovatus, Rhopalosiphum and Sitobion . The biology of Aphidius matricariae closely resembles that of Aphidius colemani .

False spider mites

are usually found on the underside of leaves where they cause a brown, scabby discolouration spreading from both sides of the main vein into the leaf blade [...] as spider mites: egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. They move slowly and are mostly found along the veins on the underside of leaves. The mites [...] mites are flattened and egg-shaped when seen from above, with their dorsal surface showing a net-like pattern. The eggs are a clear red colour and elliptical

Glasshouse potato aphid

anholocyclic (no eggs are laid) and holocyclic (winter eggs are produced) lifecycles. There is no alternation of hosts, and the two types of life cycles occur [...] aphid ( Aulacorthum solani) is a native European species of aphids , seriously affecting crops of sweet pepper in particular. These aphids further affect [...] pierces the leaves or the fruit of sweet pepper it secretes a toxic substance, which leads to deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where

Oak processionary moth

ea ), is a major pest of oak in many European countries. The common and scientific names of this moth refer to the behaviour of the larvae to form long [...] and also in parts of the Middle East. Damage symptoms The nests of caterpillars on infested trees are clearly visible. The larvae of the oak processionary [...] adults emerge and fly between the end of July and mid September. The eggs (with up to 300 eggs per batch) are laid in contiguous rows along one to two year

Aphidend

ges of aphids . Mode of action Adult gall midges emerge from the pupae and deposit their eggs in the aphid colonies. After emerging from the eggs the larvae [...] densities of generalist predatory mites , especially Amblyseius swirskii , can be detrimental to Aphidend as the predatory mites feed on the eggs of Aphidoletes [...] the adult gall-midges will leave the bottle and spread Dosage The dosage of Aphidend depends on climate, crop and aphid density and should always be adjusted

Plant Pollinator interactions in high temperatures

n, use of air-cooling systems, use of evaporation systems. During periods of hot weather, when the temperature exceeds 30° C for large parts of the day [...] environmental temperature: Impact of radiant heat and humidity A glasshouse air temperature of 30° C at a humidity of 80% can still results in good pollination [...] an intensity of no more than 400 watts. The table in figure 3 gives a representation of what the best conditions are for pollination. Of course, these

Cutworms

usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial cutting. A larva [...] segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is [...] continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire stands of crops, such as cotton or maize. As plants become larger