• Fusarium head blight or scab

  January 1, 1970

  Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed host plants [...] structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for [...] chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate well and seedlings

• Pumpkin, squash and gourd

  January 1, 1970

  region and Mesoamerica. Currently, five species are cultivated for their edible fruit and seeds. This fruit is alternately known as pumpkin, squash or gourd [...] gourd. That depends on species, variety and local jargon. The fruits of the Cucurbita species are usually large and fleshy, but their size can vary substantially [...] substantially. Wild fruit species can be as small as 4 centimetres (1.6 inch) and some commercial specimens can weigh more than 300 kilograms (660 lbs).

• Mealybugs and scales

  January 1, 1970

  wingless and immobile, and covered with a hard scale (armoured scales and soft scales) or with waxy threads (mealybugs). They suck the sap of plants and are [...] beetles and lacewings help reduce mealybug and scale populations by attacking both larvae and adults. Pheromone traps support early detection and population [...] the crop in various ways: nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and/or yellowing of leaves, sometimes

• Wheat bunt

  January 1, 1970

  Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores [...] General Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate [...] Infected (bunted) heads are slender and remain green longer than healthy heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt

• Crop Monitoring and Scouting

  January 1, 1970

  monitoring and scouting In the world of agriculture and horticulture, the phrase "knowledge is power" couldn't be truer. Crop monitoring and scouting are [...] as sticky traps and pheromones, growers can promptly detect the presence of pests and respond accordingly. Benefits of crop monitoring and scouting One of [...] can determine the success or failure of a harvest. These essential techniques provide growers with insights into the health and growth of their crops, enabling

• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  January 1, 1970

  Level 3 - level 1 and/or 2 symptoms plus difficulties in breathing and/or a feeling of suffocating Level 4 - level 1 and/or 2 and/or 3 symptoms plus heart [...] prednisone) and will be kept for observation. Allergic reaction In about 1% of the population, repeated stings (or in some cases only two or three stings) [...] sting and treatment. Download the poster version of Bumblebee stings and allergies via the link below. Download poster Bumblebee, honeybee, and wasp stings

• Spider mites and other mites

  January 1, 1970

  damage include yellowing or browning of leaves, stippling or mottling of leaves (small white or yellow spots), and webbing on leaves and stems. The leaves may [...] spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf [...] are typically less than 1 millimeter in size, and range in color from pale yellow to green, brown, or red. They have eight legs and are closely related to

• Pea and Bean Weevil Trap

  January 1, 1970

  Use the Pea and Bean Weevil Trap for monitoring pea and bean weevil in combination with species-specific pheromone. Pests Pea and bean weevil ( Sitona [...] pheromone which lures the male and female weevils into the trap. Once in the trap they cannot escape and are easy to detect, count and identify. Presentation One [...] Application Place traps 10 meters apart on a grass margin or headland of a field that was planted with peas or beans in the previous year Place the trap on the

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  January 1, 1970

  much or too little water), or that are damaged by for example handling or pests. Optimum temperature for Pestalotiopsis clavispora is 19-23 °C and high [...] causes discoloration or brown necrotic areas in crown and root of strawberry. Plant development is slow, growth is retarded and rooting is poor. Transplants [...] Transplants look weak and may die. It is hard to visually distinguish between Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Phytophthora cactorum. Life cycle and appearance of

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  January 1, 1970

  causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta [...] stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded [...] the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence damping off and dwarfing. Other Ascochyta species may also infect