• Fusarium head blight or scab

  on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in [...] die, causing irregular crop density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by

• Phytophthora blight

  oospores (sexual overwintering spores), sporangia (special structures which can either germinate directly or produce zoospores), chlamydospores (thick-walled mycelium [...] sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For

• Wheat

  east of the Mediterranean. The wheat plant is an annual plant which is sown either in spring or autumn. The plant flowers from about the end of May to the

• Radish

  varieties are developed for sprouting and their roots and leaves are consumed either cooked or cold.

• Bedding plants

  every year and removed after the plant has died down. During winter they are either stocked away or disposed of: tulip, narcissus, gladiolus, hyacinth, canna

• Mushroom

  that are large enough to be observed with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked

• Tree specialist Wolterinck: Control of oak processionary caterpillar with Entonem

  caterpillar egg casings begin to emerge. A second spraying may be needed, either of nematodes or of nematodes plus Bacillus thuringiensis -based products

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  weakened by some form of stress, from underfertilization to water stress (either too much or too little water), or that are damaged by for example handling

• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  sporangia often germinate directly and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination

• Fusarium wilt

  on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in