Foot rot of cereals

pathogen Microdochium nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily [...] infection can produce a true foot rot, where the stem base becomes brown and rotten, resulting in lodging and whiteheads. This symptom is less common but can [...] ear blight can result in shrivelled grains with a chalky white or pink appearance, although this is not always the case. Life cycle and appearance of

Orius laevigatus

significantly. Effectivity is reduced at temperatures above 30°C (86°F). Feeding behaviour of Orius laevigatus Orius laevigatus is a predator feeding on thrips [...] Orius laevigatus for thrips control Orius laevigatus is a small yet highly effective predatory bug used in biological pest control of thrips . This beneficial [...] predatory bug Orius laevigatus is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips The natural enemy Orius laevigatus is available at Koppert as Thripor-L

Glume blotch

temperature above freezing when water is available. Conidia require a minimum of 5 °C for germination. Primary infection is mostly by ascospores or conidia on [...] leaves are infected and frequent rain is expected Be aware that in a crop with dense foliage, splash dispersal is more efficient so the disease will spread [...] General Parastagonospora nodorum (Phaeosphaeria nodorum) is a fungal pathogen of wheat , barley and ryethat induces yield and quality losses. Damage symptoms

Koppert Foundation

Koppert established the Koppert Foundation on their 50 th anniversary in 2017. This Foundation aims to contribute to sustainable solutions for horticulture and agriculture and improvement of the healt

Angular leaf spot

General Xanthomonas fragariae is a leaf spot disease found in strawberry. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas fragariae initially causes small, water-soaked lesions [...] veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different light sources: when reflected light is used, the lesions look dark green [...] green, but when transmitted light is used, they are translucent. When conditions are humid, a viscous bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf

Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods [...] sunken and surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes [...] two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal of these conidia. There is no known sexual stage. Ascochyta fungi develop most

Dwarf bunt

General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at harvest [...] healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks

Dacnusa sibirica

sibirica Dacnusa sibirica is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Braconidae . This insect is known for its role as a biological control agent [...] Dacnusa sibirica is even capable of distinguishing a leaf that has already been visited from one that has not. Dacnusa sibirica is a solitary parasitic [...] wasp Dacnusa sibirica Dacnusa sibirica is highly efficient at detecting a plant affected by leaf miners . Once such a plant has been found, suitable hosts

Citrus mealybug

filaments. Their sole task is to fertilize the females and as soon as a male emerges from its cocoon, it goes in search of a female. A fertilized female lays [...] development. After the second instar, a male nymph forms a dark brown ‘prepupa’ from which a pupa rapidly develops, inside a white cottony cocoon. Females undergo [...] defoliation. The overall effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low

Grey mould

General Grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs [...] into the plant. Grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a necrotrophic fungus, meaning that it excretes compounds that kill the plant [...] area, new spores are formed within a few days. Under circumstances unfavourable for germination, the spores can survive a few days on the plant surface and