• Common cockchafer

  four longitudinal ribs each. The abdomen is black, with typical triangular white spots below the elytra. When just laid, the oval eggs of the common cockchafer

• Rose aphid

  Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the rose

• Mottled arum aphid

  Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Reproduction of the mottled arum

• Pear psylla

  Adults pear psyllas are 2-3 mm long and orange red to blackish. They have white, longitudinal stripes on the back of the thorax. Their forewings are clear

• Shore fly

  are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar larvae are brownish, less translucent and their body is c

• Large blackberry aphid

  Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the large

• Angular leaf spot

  bacterial exudate forms on the underside of the leaf. This exudate changes to a white film when it dries. Lesions may merge as they grow and later also become

• Buckthorn-potato aphid

  Aphids moult four times before reaching adulthood. With each moult they shed white skin, betraying their presence in the crop. Wingless females of the buckthorn-

• Boisduval scale

  discolouration. Life cycle and appearance of Boisduval scale Females are white to light yellow, thin and semi-transparent, approximately 1.2-2.2 mm in diameter

• Circular scale

  are 0.3 mm long and have legs, but soon settle to form circular, initially white scales. Circular scales reproduce sexually. Adult females lay 50-150 eggs