Pepino mosaic virus

pattern on the tomatoes Cracks and damage to the fruit (splitting open) Symptoms on fruits can appear with or without symptoms on the rest of the plant, depending [...] protection. With this technology, the plants are purposely inoculated with a mild isolate of the PepMV. This prevents subsequent infections with aggressive [...] symptoms The impact of a PepMV infection for the tomato grower is variable. Several factors contribute to this variability. The genetic identity of the virus

Glume blotch

conidia on the oldest leaves, but seed transmission is also possible. The germ tubes can infect the leaves of the plants directly or through stomata. The lesions [...] lesions with a light halo on leaves, stems and glumes. In the centre of the lesions, light-coloured translucent pycnidia (fruiting bodies) with new spores [...] humidity (RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus

Beetles

pupal instar before reaching the adult stage. Larvae have biting mouthparts and mostly feed on the same food as the adults. The pupae do not make a cocoon [...] already display many similarities with the adults. The adult beetles usually possess a pair of membranous wings beneath the wing covers. Many species are very [...] ladybirds contribute to the control of aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must

Black root rot of cucurbits

and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The roots become yellow-brown to black and ultimately die. Black lesions with fruiting bodies [...] a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains because the cortex (outer [...] causes grey-black spots with a dark demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment

Foot rot of cereals

humidity, the conidia germinate and penetrate the host's tissues. Inside the plant, the fungus colonizes the root and lower stem, leading to the characteristic [...] showing complex interactions with environmental conditions and host plant physiology. Typically, the lifecycle begins with the release of spores from infected [...] staining of the lower nodes. Long dark streaks may also appear at the stem base. On older plants, infection can produce a true foot rot, where the stem base

Mealybugs and scales

on this honeydew, which, as well as the white, waxy secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are [...] is mainly the great quantity of honey-dew that causes the damage because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew. [...] In fact, the honeydew with its sooty mould is usually the first sign of the presence of this type of pest. Among ornamental crops, ferns are particularly

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Plant Health

they transfer sugars to the root system, stimulating the soil food web. This interaction releases essential minerals, enabling the formation of complete [...] Embracing biological pest control Over the years, biological pest control has proven effective in managing pests without the drawbacks of chemical pesticides [...] ss and compliance with stringent chemical residue standards. Nurturing plant-soil interaction Understanding how plants interact with their environment

Cottony soft rot

sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs with new dark [...] grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium, big, dark sclerotia are formed. They can easily be seen with the naked [...] base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia