General Rhizobium bacteria are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. Additionally, pathogenic Agrobacterium s pecies have recently been assigned to
General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect
temperature above freezing when water is available. Conidia require a minimum of 5 °C for germination. Primary infection is mostly by ascospores or conidia on
General Grey mould ( Botryotinia fuckeliana / Botrytis cinerea ) is a commonly found fungus in many environments. It survives in plant parts like bulbs and crop residues or as sclerotia (drought- and
General Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is caused by many different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage symptoms Powdery mildew symptoms are fairly simil
seed fly ( Delia platura ) is a small, dark-colored fly measuring about 4-5 mm in length. It typically has a shiny black or dark brown body with clear
Biological control of bugs Bugs can cause extensive damage to greenhouse and field crops by feeding on plant tissues and fruits, leading to deformation, discoloration, and yield loss. Effective bug co